an acyl-CoA

Three steps

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)
  3. L-cystathionine cysteine-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
  1. an acyl-CoA + L-glutamine = an N(2)-acyl-L-glutamine + CoA + H(+)
  2. an acyl-CoA + L-glutamine = an N(2)-acyl-L-glutamine + CoA + H(+)
  3. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by GLYATL1B, GLYATL1, KYAT1cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:16856Reach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion
  3. transport of GSH and leukotriene E4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 33 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• CHEBI:16857Reach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of glycine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 23 routes

• pantetheine 4'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)
  3. Dephospho-CoA nucleotidohydrolase

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, lysosome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  2. phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase
  3. 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acylhydrolase

  Catalysed by LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2, LPCAT1 and 26 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 10 routes

• psychosineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:sphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, peroxisome

• octadecanalReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  2. Stearoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. octadecanal + NAD(+) + H2O = octadecanoate + NADH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4, ACOT1 and 2 morecytosol

• taurolithocholateReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (lithocholate)

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of glycine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 22 routes

• CHEBI:17203Reach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 19 routes

• S-(4,8-dimethylnonanoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Dimethyl Nonanoyl Transferase, Revsible, Peroxisomal
  3. 4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(4,8-dimethylnonanoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, peroxisome

• itaconateReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 3 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• D-glyceraldehydeReach from here →
  1. a 2-acylglycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacylglycerol + CoA
  2. a 1-acylglycerol + a 1,2-diacylglycerol = a triacylglycerol + glycerol
  3. glycerol + NADP(+) = D-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by MOGAT2, MOGAT3, LPGAT1, TMEM68 and 6 more

• cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucosideReach from here →
  1. an acyl-CoA + cholesterol = a cholesterol ester + CoA
  2. a cholesterol ester + H2O = cholesterol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  3. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SOAT2, SOAT1, CES1, LIPN and 4 moreOne of 7 routes

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)
  3. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• 7alpha-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. an acyl-CoA + cholesterol = a cholesterol ester + CoA
  2. a cholesterol ester + H2O = cholesterol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  3. cholesterol + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SOAT2, SOAT1, CES1, LIPN and 3 more

• S-methyl-5'-thioadenosineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. S-adenosylmethioninamine:spermidine 3-aminopropyltransferase

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-aminolevulinic acidReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 6 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• O-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine O-acyltransferase
  2. L-1-phosphatidylethanolamine:L-serine phosphatidyltransferase
  3. ATP:ethanolamine O-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2, LPCAT1 and 6 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• hexadecanalReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. 2 H+[c] + NADH[c] + palmitate[c] = H2O[c] + hexadecanal[c] + NAD+[c]

  Catalysed by ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4, ACOT1 and 4 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 26-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. an acyl-CoA + cholesterol = a cholesterol ester + CoA
  2. a cholesterol ester + H2O = cholesterol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  3. cholesterol + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 26-hydroxycholesterol + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SOAT2, SOAT1, CES1, LIPN and 3 more

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:17769Reach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. spermidine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:17895Reach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of glycine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 23 routes

• all-trans-retinalReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinol + an acyl-CoA = an all-trans-retinyl ester + CoA
  2. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  3. retinol: NADP+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by DGAT1, PNPLA4, AWAT2, DGAT2 and 25 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• butanoateReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. butanoyl-CoA + H2O = butanoate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 12 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 4-methylpentanalReach from here →
  1. an acyl-CoA + cholesterol = a cholesterol ester + CoA
  2. a cholesterol ester + H2O = cholesterol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  3. 6 reduced [adrenodoxin] + cholesterol + 3 O2 + 6 H(+) = 4-methylpentanal + pregnenolone + 6 oxidized [adrenodoxin] + 4 H2O

  Catalysed by SOAT2, SOAT1, CES1, LIPN and 3 more

• CHEBI:18019Reach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• spermine monoaldehydeReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)
  3. primary-amine oxidase (spermine)

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• O-octanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. solute carrier (L-carnitine)

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:18132Reach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. ATP:choline phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, nucleus, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosineReach from here →
  1. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)
  2. delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid (dihydroceramide pool)
  3. UDP-glucose:N-acylsphingosine D-glucosyltransferase

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-(4-aminobutyl)-3-aminopropanalReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. primary-amine oxidase (spermidine)

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)
  2. delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid (dihydroceramide pool)
  3. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. an acyl-CoA + L-glutamine = an N(2)-acyl-L-glutamine + CoA + H(+)
  2. an acyl-CoA + L-glutamine = an N(2)-acyl-L-glutamine + CoA + H(+)
  3. 5'-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by GLYATL1B, GLYATL1, PFAScytosol

• superoxideReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. 11-peroxy-docosahexaenoate to DHA conversion

  Catalysed by DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1, AWAT2 and 1 morecytosol

• cholesteryl 3-beta-D-galactosideReach from here →
  1. an acyl-CoA + cholesterol = a cholesterol ester + CoA
  2. a cholesterol ester + H2O = cholesterol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  3. a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-galactoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SOAT2, SOAT1, CES1, LIPN and 4 moreOne of 2 routes

• cholesteryl 3-beta-D-xylosideReach from here →
  1. an acyl-CoA + cholesterol = a cholesterol ester + CoA
  2. a cholesterol ester + H2O = cholesterol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  3. a beta-D-xylosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-xyloside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SOAT2, SOAT1, CES1, LIPN and 4 moreOne of 2 routes

• a beta-D-xylosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)
  2. delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid (dihydroceramide pool)
  3. a beta-D-xylosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-xyloside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• ophthalmateReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 4 moremitochondrial matrix

• S-methylmercury-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(out) + L-methionine(in) = S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(in) + L-methionine(out)

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-aminoisobutanoateReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. 2-aminoisobutanoate(out) + L-alanine(in) = 2-aminoisobutanoate(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 11-cis-retinyl esterReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. 11-cis-retinol + a fatty acyl-CoA = 11-cis-retinyl ester + CoA

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + O2 = (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACOT6, ACOT1, ALOX5cytosol

• 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  2. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4, GPAM and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol