glycine

Two steps

• 2-aminoisobutanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 2-aminoisobutanoate(out) + L-alanine(in) = 2-aminoisobutanoate(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathione

  Catalysed by GSS, MGST3

• (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + formate + ATP = (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + phosphate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, MTHFD1, MTHFD1L

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GSS, GPX1, GPX4

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GSS, GPX1, GPX4

• (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + 2 glutathione = (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GSS, GPX1, GPX4

• (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. (17S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + 2 glutathione = (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GSS, GPX1, GPX4

• a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. a hydroperoxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2 glutathione = a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GSS, GPX4

• glycodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase
  2. glycodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SULT2A1cytosol

• 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT2One of 7 routes

• 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT2One of 3 routes

• 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT2One of 3 routes

• (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1cytosolOne of 7 routes

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, CARS2extracellular space, cytosol

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by BAAT, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by BAAT, HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by BAAT, HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by BAAT, ECHS1, ACAA2, HADHperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by BAAT, ECHS1, ACAA2, HADHperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanalReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal + glutathione = 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanal

  Catalysed by GSS, GSTP1

• glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. glycine to glycoursodeoxycholate conversion
  2. glycoursodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SULT2A1cytosol

• glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)
  2. glycochenodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SULT2A1

• deoxycholateReach from here →
  1. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase
  2. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase

  No catalyst recordedcytosol

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol

  Catalysed by GSS, SQOR

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by SLC6A9, SLC6A14, LPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC12A2, SLC12A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 5-hydroxytryptophanReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Tryptophan, Tetrahydrobiopterin:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (5-Hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5(S)-HETEReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GSS, GPX5, GPX1, GPX2 and 6 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5BperoxisomeOne of 7 routes

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, SCLYextracellular space, cytosol

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, NAGSextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation
  2. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-ascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate

  Catalysed by GSS, CLIC1, GSTO1, GSTO2

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC1A1extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, CARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, FARSB, FARSAextracellular space, cytosol

• Trp-tRNA(Trp)Reach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, WARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, IARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, QARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A6, LACC1extracellular space, cytosol

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by NARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• cholateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• glycolateReach from here →
  1. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  2. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by DAO, GRHPRperoxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, CTHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 21 routes

• CHEBI:30249Reach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, IDO1, TDO2, IDO2extracellular space, cytosol