(S)-lactic acid

Three steps

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + 2 glutathione = (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (17S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + 2 glutathione = (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. a hydroperoxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2 glutathione = a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 1-butanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. transport of butyrate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + butanoyl-CoA = 1-butanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• O-butanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. transport of butyrate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. butanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-butanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 9 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (S)-lactoyl-AMPReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. (S)-lactate + ATP + H(+) = (S)-lactoyl-AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, LDHA, LDHC and 3 moremitochondrial matrix

• (S)-lactoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. (S)-lactate + ATP + CoA = (S)-lactoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, LDHA, LDHC and 2 moremitochondrial matrix

• N-acetylneuraminate 9-phosphateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. N-acetylneuraminate synthase

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, PKM, PKLR and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanalReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal + glutathione = 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanal

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GSTP1extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-Methylbutyrylglycine Transport, Extracellular

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, ME2, SDHB and 1 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• selenomethionineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. Selenomethionine methanethiol-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, CTHmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:27760Reach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. Selenocystathionine Lysteine-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, CTHmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 17alpha,21-dihydroxypregnenoloneReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)
  3. cytochrome P450

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• hydroxyacetoneReach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetoacetate carboxy-lyase (acetone-forming)
  3. cytochrome P450 (acetone)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 5(S)-HETEReach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, GPX5, GPX1, GPX2 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 11-deoxycortisolReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• 3-mercaptolactic acidReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 3-Mercaptolactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, MPST, LDHC and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of LTD4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-oneReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 6 routes

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SCLYmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-glycoloylneuraminateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. CMP-N-acetylneuraminate monooxygenase (N-acetylneuraminate)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, NPLmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• iron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  3. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, CYBRD1extracellular space, cytosol

• a carboxylateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, FAHD1mitochondrial matrix

• L-ascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CLIC1, GSTO1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. glycocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ABCC4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• cholateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. cholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = cholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ABCC4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, MPSTmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• citric acidReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, PC, CSmitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• adipic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. hexanedioate + glutaryl-CoA = hexanedioyl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A8, SUGCTextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• orotateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  3. orotate(out) + nicotinate(in) = orotate(in) + nicotinate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (indol-3-yl)acetateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. (indol-3-yl)acetate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (indol-3-yl)acetate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A6, SLC22A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an alcoholReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CP, PRDX6extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• isocitric acidReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. transport of isocitrate and PEP (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, PKM, PKLR and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acidReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. D-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, PC, GOT2mitochondrial matrix

• nonanoateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. 13(S)-HPODE to 13-oxy-radical-octadecadienoate conversion
  3. 13(S)-HPODE hydrolysis

  Catalysed by CYB5D1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  3. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• cis-aconitic acidReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. transport of cis-aconitate and PEP (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, PKM, PKLR and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. transport of malate and thiosulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, ME2, SLC25A10mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes