(S)-lactic acid

Three steps

• S-butanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. transport of butyrate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. butanoyl-CoA + H2O = S-butanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 11 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• tauroursodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. tauroursodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = tauroursodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ABCC4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• glycoursodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. glycoursodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycoursodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ABCC4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• 11-hydroxy-(12S,13S)-epoxy-(9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. 13(S)-HPODE to 13-oxy-radical-octadecadienoate conversion
  3. (13S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate = 11-hydroxy-(12S,13S)-epoxy-(9Z)-octadecenoate

  Catalysed by CYB5D1, ALOXE3mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (11S,15S)-dihydroxy-14(R)-S-glutathionyl-(5Z,8Z,12E)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. 11(S)-hydroxy-14(S),15(S)-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,12E)-eicosatrienoate + glutathione = (11S,15S)-dihydroxy-14(R)-S-glutathionyl-(5Z,8Z,12E)-eicosatrienoate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GSTP1, GSTM1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• prostaglandin B1Reach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of prostaglandin B1 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• leukotriene F4Reach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of leukotriene F4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• all-trans-4-oxoretinoateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cytochrome P450 (retinoate)
  3. cytochrome P450 (4-hydroxy-all-trans-retinoate)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (13R)-S-glutathionyl-(14S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (13S,14S)-epoxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione = (13R)-S-glutathionyl-(14S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GSTM4, LTC4Sextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• all-trans-4-hydroxy-4-O-(beta-D-glucuronide)-retinoateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cytochrome P450 (retinoate)
  3. all-trans-4-hydroxyretinoate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = all-trans-4-hydroxy-4-O-(beta-D-glucuronide)-retinoate + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• S-methyl glutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + methylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-methyl glutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, MMACHCextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + 1-octadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• indoxyl sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. indoxyl sulfate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = indoxyl sulfate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A6, SLC22A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-nonadioyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-nonadioyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 2-nonadioyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• S-adenosylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + adenosylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-adenosylglutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, MMACHCextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• cholineReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• acetylcholineReach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:15467Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15570Reach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. alanine racemase

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• L-leucineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC7A5mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of leukotriene E4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• allantoinReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. 5-hydroxyisourate decarboxylation

  Catalysed by SLC22A12extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:15699Reach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC7A5mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• malonateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. malonate(out) + (S)-malate(in) = malonate(in) + (S)-malate(out)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, ME2, SLC25A10mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (R)-2-hydroxyglutarateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acetoacetate
  3. AKG[m] + (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate[m] = acetoacetate[m] + (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate[m]

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• bromideReach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-bromoacetaldehyde:glutathione S-(formylmethyl)transferase

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, MGST3, GSTA4, GSTA1 and 14 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate
  3. N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-phosphate amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:15971Reach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC7A6mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• a halide anionReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GSTT4, GSTA4 and 21 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 11-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. retinoate reduction
  3. all-trans-Retinal 11-cis-trans-isomerase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:16174Reach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (dADP)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, PKM, PKLR and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, ME2, SLC25A10mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• L-cystineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC7A9 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:16284Reach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. deoxythymidylate kinase (dADP)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, PKM, PKLR and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, ABATmitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• lithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of lithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-citrullineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC7A6mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• iodideReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• ubiquinonesReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. 13(S)-HPODE to 13-oxy-radical-octadecadienoate conversion
  3. ubiquinol:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CYB5D1, UQCRQ, UQCR11, MT-CYB and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, mitochondrial intermembrane space

• L-valineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and valine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC7A5mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• (17R,20S)-17,20-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-oneReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  3. (17R,20S)-17,20-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one + NAD(+) = 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• androst-4-ene-3,17-dioneReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 5 routes

• L-arginineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC7A6mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• CHEBI:16497Reach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. dGTP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, PKM, PKLRmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• protein polypeptide chainReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. PROTEIN_BS

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16633Reach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SCLYmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, TYW1B, TYW1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol