4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acid
362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API
333 compounds within 3 steps: 2 in 1, 45 in 2, 286 in 3
Three steps
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
- N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
Catalysed by HOGA1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
- 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase (phosphoenolpyruvate-forming)
Catalysed by HOGA1, PKM, PKLR, ENO1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
- N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
Catalysed by HOGA1, AGXT, AGXT2mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, ASAH1, ACER2 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
- trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
Catalysed by HOGA1, AGXT2, SLC1A4mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
- 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
Catalysed by HOGA1, MPST, AADATmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
- N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate
Catalysed by HOGA1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, HADHA, ACAA2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, SLC27A2, SLC27A5mitochondrial matrix, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
- an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate
Catalysed by HOGA1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
- [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
- [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol
Catalysed by HOGA1, TYW1B, TYW1, MSRB3 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, SLC27A2, SLC27A5mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
- (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + CoA + H(+)
Catalysed by HOGA1, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL2mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
- (2S)-2-phospholactate + H2O = (S)-lactate + phosphate
Catalysed by HOGA1, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 3 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
- L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
Catalysed by HOGA1, AGXT2, SLC1A4mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
- prostaglandin E2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
Catalysed by HOGA1, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
- Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation
Catalysed by HOGA1, AGXT, AGXT2mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
- gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
Catalysed by HOGA1, AGXT2, GGTLC3, GGT1 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, CPT1A, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosol
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
- DTDP Diphosphohydrolase
Catalysed by HOGA1, PKM, PKLR, ENTPD3 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (adrenic acid)
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 10 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 9 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearidonic acid)
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 8 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (EPA)
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 9 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DPA)
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (linolenate)
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-erucic acid)
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-gondoic acid)
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-TPA)
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-THA)
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nervonic acid)
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (ximenic acid)
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (dihomo-gamma-linolenate)
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (omega-3-arachidonic acid)
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (pyruvate-forming)
- acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
- long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
Catalysed by HOGA1, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes