4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

Three steps

• N-formyl-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. transport of leucine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, IDO1, TDO2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (3S)-citramalyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-leucine + glyoxylate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT, AGXT2, CLYBL

• L-2-aminoadipateReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. 2-oxoadipate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminoadipate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC43A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC27A2, SLC27A5mitochondrial matrix, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamineReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. transport of glutamine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (glutamine)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, PPATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. transport of glutamine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, GFPT2, GFPT1extracellular space, cytosol

• L-methionine (S)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. transport of leucine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, MSRAextracellular space, cytosol

• L-methionine (R)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. transport of leucine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, MSRB3 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC27A2, SLC27A5mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• thiamine triphosphateReach from here →
  1. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate)
  2. lipoamide to S-(3-methylbutanoyl)... conversion
  3. ATP:thiamine-diphosphate phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by BCKDHA, BCKDHB, DBT, TPK1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycineReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. transport of glycine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. transport of cysteine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A9, SLC3A1, PPCSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A8, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an L-alpha-amino acidReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC43A1, SLC7A11extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 4-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. transport of chloride and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC6A14, SLC6A12extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3-iodo-L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. transport of leucine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, TPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• dopamineReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. solute carrier (L-dopa)
  3. 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, DDCextracellular space, cytosol

• L-prolineReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, SLC1A4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• estrone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A6, SLC22A24, SLC22A8 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. prostaglandin E2(out) + glutarate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• N-benzoylglycineReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. transport of glycine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• 3-sulfino-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. transport of cysteine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A9, SLC3A1, CDO1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by AADAT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by AADAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, GGTLC3, GGT1 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)

  Catalysed by AADAT, CPT1A, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:63544Reach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (adrenic acid)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• hexacosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• tetracosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• docosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithineReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. transport of arginine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-(omega)-hydroxyarginine-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A6, SLC7A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, MOCOSextracellular space, cytosol

• (2E)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by AADAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearidonic acid)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (EPA)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DPA)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (linolenate)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (13Z)-docosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-erucic acid)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (11Z)-eicosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-gondoic acid)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-TPA)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-THA)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (15Z)-tetracosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nervonic acid)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (17Z)-hexacosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (ximenic acid)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (dihomo-gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (omega-3-arachidonic acid)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• heptadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (margaric acid)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (9Z)-heptadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (9-heptadecylenic acid)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-leucine + H2O
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatrienoic acid)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes