all-trans-retinol

Three steps

• 25-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  3. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O

  Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, CH25H

• phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. (R)-malate + A = oxaloacetate + AH2
  3. GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (adding GTP

  Catalysed by RETSAT, D2HGDH, PCK1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by RETSAT, MOCOS, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• taurineReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 2 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  3. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO1 and 1 more

• 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + all-trans-retinol = all-trans-retinyl 9Z-octadecenoate + di-(9Z)-octadecenoylglycerol
  2. di-(9Z)-octadecenoylglycerol + H2O = (9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+)
  3. 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+) = 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + H2O

  Catalysed by PNPLA4, PNPLA2, DDHD2, PNLIPRP2 and 3 more

• 16-hydroxyhexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + CoA
  2. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  3. hexadecanoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 16-hydroxyhexadecanoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by DGAT1, PNPLA4, AWAT2, MOGAT3 and 6 more

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO1 and 1 more

• glycineReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 14 routes

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 2 morecytosol, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 3 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 9 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 9 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 4 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• hexadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + CoA
  2. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  3. hexadecanoate + ATP + CoA = hexadecanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by DGAT1, PNPLA4, AWAT2, MOGAT3 and 14 more

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 9 morecytosolOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 9 morecytosolOne of 13 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 9 morecytosolOne of 11 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 20 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + all-trans-retinol = all-trans-retinyl 9Z-octadecenoate + di-(9Z)-octadecenoylglycerol
  2. di-(9Z)-octadecenoylglycerol + H2O = (9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+)
  3. (9Z)-octadecenoate + ATP + CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by PNPLA4, PNPLA2, DDHD2, PNLIPRP2 and 8 more

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 1 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 8 morecytosolOne of 15 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O

  Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, PTGS1 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes

• (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  3. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, TBXAS1 and 2 more

• sarcosineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. N(6),N(6)-dimethyl-L-lysyl(4)-[histone H3] + 2 A + 2 H2O = L-lysyl(4)-[histone H3] + 2 formaldehyde + 2 AH2
  3. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2

  Catalysed by RETSAT, KDM1A, KDM1B, PIPOX

• (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP(+) = 7,8-dihydrofolate + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by RETSAT, MTO1, DHFR, DHFR2

• sn-glycerol 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acylhydrolase
  3. sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine + H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LYPLA1, LYPLA2, PLA2G4A and 9 morecytosol

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by RETSAT, MOCOS, GOT2, GOT1cytosolOne of 3 routes

• S-formylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. N(6),N(6)-dimethyl-L-lysyl(4)-[histone H3] + 2 A + 2 H2O = L-lysyl(4)-[histone H3] + 2 formaldehyde + 2 AH2
  3. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by RETSAT, KDM1A, KDM1B, ADH1C and 5 morecytosol

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 5 morecytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 3 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by RETSAT, MOCOS, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 18 routes

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• glycerol 2-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acylhydrolase
  3. Glycerophosphocholine Phosphodiesterase

  Catalysed by LRAT, LYPLA1, LYPLA2, PLA2G4A and 8 morecytosol

• L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. transport of cysteine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by RETSAT, MOCOS, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by RETSAT, MOCOS, GCLC, GCLMcytosolOne of 2 routes

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 5 morecytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LRAT, LYPLA1, LYPLA2, PLA2G4A and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• S-sulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 2 L-cysteine = S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by RETSAT, MOCOS, CARS2

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 3 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• phosphoenolpyruvateReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. (R)-malate + A = oxaloacetate + AH2
  3. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2

  Catalysed by RETSAT, D2HGDH, PCK1, PCK2