formaldehyde

Three steps

• dTTPReach from here →
  1. formaldehyde to 5,10-methylene-THF conversion
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase
  3. dTTP + H2O = dTMP + diphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by TYMS, ASMTLcytosol

• N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, GARTcytosol

• arsenic triglutathioneReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. arsenic triglutathione + 3 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = trimethylarsine + 3 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3 H(+)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• ophthalmateReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, GSS

• 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathione

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosol

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol

• (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoateReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + 2 glutathione = (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol

• (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. (17S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + 2 glutathione = (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol

• a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. a hydroperoxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2 glutathione = a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosol

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by PIPOX, AGXT2

• 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanalReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal + glutathione = 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanal

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosol

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1mitochondrial matrix

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• folic acidReach from here →
  1. formaldehyde to 5,10-methylene-THF conversion
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase
  3. dihydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by TYMS, DHFR, DHFR2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by PIPOX, GLYATcytosolOne of 3 routes

• selenomethionineReach from here →
  1. formaldehyde to 5,10-methylene-THF conversion
  2. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. Methionine Synthase

  Catalysed by MTHFRcytosol, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• 5(S)-HETEReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 12 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and LTD4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• L-ascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 6 morecytosol

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, GARS1cytosol

• a thiolReach from here →
  1. methanethiol + O2 + H2O = hydrogen sulfide + formaldehyde + H2O2 + H(+)
  2. methanethiol + O2 + H2O = hydrogen sulfide + formaldehyde + H2O2 + H(+)
  3. L-cysteinyl-[sulfatase] + 2 a thiol + O2 = an organic disulfide + 3-oxo-L-alanyl-[sulfatase] + hydrogen sulfide + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SELENBP1, SUMF1

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (glycocholate)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• cholateReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of formate and propanoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of butyrate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• an alcoholReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. methanethiol + O2 + H2O = hydrogen sulfide + formaldehyde + H2O2 + H(+)
  2. methanethiol + O2 + H2O = hydrogen sulfide + formaldehyde + H2O2 + H(+)
  3. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SELENBP1, TSTD1One of 2 routes

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. formaldehyde + NAD(+) + H2O = formate + NADH + 2 H(+)
  2. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate + CO + formate + 2 H(+)
  3. Acireductone Dixoygenase 1

  Catalysed by ALDH9A1, ADI1cytosol

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by PIPOX, ALAS1, ALAS2

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. glycochenodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycochenodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholic acidReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by PIPOX, BAATperoxisomeOne of 3 routes

• glyoxylateReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by PIPOX, AADATOne of 11 routes

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of glycolithocholate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. Acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by PIPOX, GCATmitochondrial matrix

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 9 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• tert-butanolReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. tert-butyl hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = tert-butanol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 8 morecytosol

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase

  Catalysed by PIPOX, GATMcytosolOne of 5 routes

• 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoateReach from here →
  1. formaldehyde + NAD(+) + H2O = formate + NADH + 2 H(+)
  2. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate + CO + formate + 2 H(+)
  3. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate + CO + formate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by ALDH9A1, ADI1

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 9 morecytosol, extracellular space

• S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoamideReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ([protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, GLDC, GCSHmitochondrial matrix

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and triiodothyronine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E1 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin I2Reach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin I2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin F2alphaReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin F2alpha (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes