2-oxobutanoate

Three steps

• N-acetylcadaverineReach from here →
  1. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and acetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylcadaverine + H2O = cadaverine + acetate

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A, LDHAL6B and 5 morecytosol, extracellular space

• tetradecamideReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = tetradecamide + glyoxylate
  3. N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = tetradecamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by AGXT2, PAM

• all-trans-retinoyl-1-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →
  1. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glucuronosyltransferase (retinoate)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A, LDHAL6B and 7 morecytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulum

• all-trans-18-hydroxyretinoateReach from here →
  1. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. unspecific monooxygenase (retinoate)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A, LDHAL6B and 29 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• a phenyl acetateReach from here →
  1. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and acetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A, LDHAL6B and 7 morecytosol, extracellular space

• N(2)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxoethyl)-dGTPReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glycolate + NADP(+) = glyoxylate + NADPH + H(+)
  3. N(2)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxoethyl)-dGTP + H2O = dGTP + glycolate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GRHPR, PARK7

• N(2)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxoethyl)-GMPReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glycolate + NADP(+) = glyoxylate + NADPH + H(+)
  3. N(2)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxoethyl)-GMP + H2O = glycolate + GMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GRHPR, PARK7

• N-hexadecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  3. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SHMT1, GLYATL3

• N-dodecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  3. dodecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-dodecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SHMT1, GLYATL2One of 2 routes

• N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoylglycineReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamide + glyoxylate
  3. N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT2, PAM

• N-decanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  3. decanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-decanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SHMT1, GLYATL2One of 2 routes

• N-octanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  3. octanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SHMT1, GLYATL2One of 2 routes

• octanamideReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = octanamide + glyoxylate
  3. N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = octanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by AGXT2, PAM

• (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamideReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamide + glyoxylate
  3. N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by AGXT2, PAM

• N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  3. 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + glycine + ATP = N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SHMT1, GART

• L-cystine-bis-glycineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  3. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SHMT1, DPEP1 and 1 more

• indoxyl sulfateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. indoxyl sulfate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = indoxyl sulfate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A8, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• glycyldehydrophenylalanineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  3. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SHMT1, DPEP1

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  3. N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H2O = 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SLC1A5, PFASinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• an N-(fatty acyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  3. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SHMT1, GLYATL2

• N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SHMT1, GLYATL2

• (7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1BcytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15345Reach from here →
  1. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A, LDHAL6B and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• acetoneReach from here →
  1. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Acetoacetate carboxy-lyase (acetone-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A, LDHAL6B and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• cholineReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by ACOT7, CHATcytosol, nucleus

• CHEBI:15380Reach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. 5-aminolevulinate synthase (2-amino-3-oxoadipate)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, ALAS1, CPNE7cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• CHEBI:15477Reach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 2-methylcrotonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Production of Tiglylcarnitine

  Catalysed by ACOT7, CPT1A, CPT1BcytosolOne of 2 routes

• isobutyryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4-methyl-pentanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. glycine-N-acyltransferase (3-methylcrotonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, GLYATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• isovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (isovalerylglycine)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• arachidonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Arachidonate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:15519Reach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ACOT7, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5Bcytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• palmitoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 11 routes

• oleoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by ACOT7, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1BcytosolOne of 11 routes

• phenylacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Phenylacetate:CoA ligase

  Catalysed by ACOT7cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15570Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  3. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SHMT1, SLC3A2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• L-leucineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  3. transport of glycine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SHMT1, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 21 routes

• CHEBI:15611Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SHMT1, GNMTcytosol

• 10-formyltetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A, LDHAL6B and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion

  Catalysed by ACOT7, ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2 and 29 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15699Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  3. transport of glycine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SHMT1, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 13 routes

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, NAA10cytosol

• formateReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)
  3. oxalate(in) + formate(out) = oxalate(out) + formate(in)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, HAO1, SLC26A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15746Reach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SAT1, SAT2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• hexadecanoic acidReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Active Transport
  3. Utilized Transport

  No catalyst recordedcytosol, mitochondrial matrix, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• malonateReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
  3. malonate(out) + (S)-malate(in) = malonate(in) + (S)-malate(out)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CLYBL, SLC25A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  3. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SLC1A5, GFPT2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• CHEBI:15971Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  3. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SHMT1, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• CHEBI:16132Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  3. deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SHMT1, DERAcytosol