cholesterol

Three steps

• S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteamineReach from here →
  1. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + cholesterol = cholesteryl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  3. S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteamine + H2O = N-acetylcysteamine + hexadecanoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by LCAT, PLA2G6, LYPLA1, LYPLA2 and 16 more

• S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteine methyl esterReach from here →
  1. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + cholesterol = cholesteryl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  3. S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteine methyl ester + H2O = N-acetylcysteine methyl ester + hexadecanoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by LCAT, PLA2G6, LYPLA1, LYPLA2 and 15 more

• docosanoateReach from here →
  1. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, ASAH1lysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamineReach from here →
  1. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + CoA
  2. sterol esterase (Cholesteryl Arachidonate)
  3. fatty acylamide amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SOAT2, SOAT1, CEL, LIPA and 1 morelysosome, cytosol

• alpha-linolenic acidReach from here →
  1. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, ASAH1lysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• folic acidReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. dihydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CH25H, MTO1, DHFR, DHFR2cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 17alpha,21-dihydroxypregnenoloneReach from here →
  1. 6 reduced [adrenodoxin] + cholesterol + 3 O2 + 6 H(+) = 4-methylpentanal + pregnenolone + 6 oxidized [adrenodoxin] + 4 H2O
  2. cytochrome P450 (pregnenolone)
  3. cytochrome P450

  Catalysed by CYP11A1, CYP17A1, CYP21A2cytosol

• dodecanalReach from here →
  1. 1-(beta-D-galactosyl)-N-dodecanoylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-galactoside + N-dodecanoylsphing-4-enine
  2. H2O[c] + N-dodecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = lauric acid[c] + sphingosine[c]
  3. 2 H+[r] + lauric acid[r] + NADH[r] = H2O[r] + NAD+[r] + dodecanal[r]

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, NAAA, ALDH3A2cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• alpha-D-galactoseReach from here →
  1. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  2. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:N-acylsphingosine D-galactosyltransferase
  3. D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine galactohydrolase

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, UGT8, GALCcytosol, lysosome

• all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acidReach from here →
  1. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + cholesterol = cholesteryl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  2. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(+)

  Catalysed by LCAT, LPCAT1, PLA2G2A, PLA2G2E and 1 moreOne of 13 routes

• 11beta-hydroxyprogesteroneReach from here →
  1. 6 reduced [adrenodoxin] + cholesterol + 3 O2 + 6 H(+) = 4-methylpentanal + pregnenolone + 6 oxidized [adrenodoxin] + 4 H2O
  2. Pregnenolone:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase
  3. progesterone,reduced ferredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase (11-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by CYP11A1, HSD3B1, HSD3B2, CYP11B1 and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• (20S)-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-oneReach from here →
  1. 6 reduced [adrenodoxin] + cholesterol + 3 O2 + 6 H(+) = 4-methylpentanal + pregnenolone + 6 oxidized [adrenodoxin] + 4 H2O
  2. Pregnenolone:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase
  3. (20S)-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one + NAD(+) = progesterone + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP11A1, HSD3B1, HSD3B2, AKR1C4 and 4 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-oneReach from here →
  1. 6 reduced [adrenodoxin] + cholesterol + 3 O2 + 6 H(+) = 4-methylpentanal + pregnenolone + 6 oxidized [adrenodoxin] + 4 H2O
  2. cytochrome P450 (pregnenolone)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)

  Catalysed by CYP11A1, CYP17A1cytosolOne of 6 routes

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by CH25H, MOCOS, NAGSmitochondrial matrix

• 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dioneReach from here →
  1. 6 reduced [adrenodoxin] + cholesterol + 3 O2 + 6 H(+) = 4-methylpentanal + pregnenolone + 6 oxidized [adrenodoxin] + 4 H2O
  2. Pregnenolone:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase
  3. 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione:NADP+ delta4-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CYP11A1, HSD3B1, HSD3B2, SRD5A1 and 2 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = cholesterol sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)
  2. Cholesterol-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SULT2B1, SULT1C2, STS, SLC25A35 and 1 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by CH25H, MOCOS, SLC1A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by CH25H, MOCOS, CARS1cytosol

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CH25H, MOCOS, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• hydrogenselenideReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
  2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  3. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)

  Catalysed by CH25H, AIFM1, PYROXD1, SCLY

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by CH25H, MOCOS, CTHcytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-aspartateReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = cholesterol sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)
  2. Cholesterol-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SULT2B1, SULT1C2, STS, SLC25A14 and 1 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
  2. (R)-malate + A = oxaloacetate + AH2
  3. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by CH25H, D2HGDH, GOT2mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. 6 reduced [adrenodoxin] + cholesterol + 3 O2 + 6 H(+) = 4-methylpentanal + pregnenolone + 6 oxidized [adrenodoxin] + 4 H2O
  2. cytochrome P450 (pregnenolone)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)

  Catalysed by CYP11A1, CYP17A1cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 5beta-pregnan-3,20-dioneReach from here →
  1. 6 reduced [adrenodoxin] + cholesterol + 3 O2 + 6 H(+) = 4-methylpentanal + pregnenolone + 6 oxidized [adrenodoxin] + 4 H2O
  2. Pregnenolone:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase
  3. progesterone + NADPH + H(+) = 5beta-pregnan-3,20-dione + NADP(+)

  Catalysed by CYP11A1, HSD3B1, HSD3B2, AKR1D1cytosol

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + cholesterol = cholesteryl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  2. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(+)

  Catalysed by LCAT, LPCAT3, MBOAT2, LPCAT1 and 12 more

• oxalateReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = cholesterol sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)
  2. Cholesterol-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SULT2B1, SULT1C2, STS, SLC25A14 and 4 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• citric acidReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
  2. (R)-malate + A = oxaloacetate + AH2
  3. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)

  Catalysed by CH25H, D2HGDH, CSmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• maleateReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = cholesterol sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)
  2. Cholesterol-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. maleate(in) + sulfate(out) = maleate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SULT2B1, SULT1C2, STS, SLC25A14 and 1 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = cholesterol sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)
  2. Cholesterol-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. transport of malonate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by SULT2B1, SULT1C2, STS, SLC25A10cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, ASAH1lysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acidReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
  2. (R)-malate + A = oxaloacetate + AH2
  3. D-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by CH25H, D2HGDH, GOT2mitochondrial matrix

• (2R,3R)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = cholesterol sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)
  2. Cholesterol-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. (2R,3R)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (2R,3R)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SULT2B1, SULT1C2, STS, SLC25A14 and 1 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (S,S)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = cholesterol sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)
  2. Cholesterol-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. (S,S)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (S,S)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SULT2B1, SULT1C2, STS, SLC25A14 and 1 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3R)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = cholesterol sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)
  2. Cholesterol-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. (3R)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3R)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SULT2B1, SULT1C2, STS, SLC25A14 and 1 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3S)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = cholesterol sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)
  2. Cholesterol-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. (3S)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3S)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SULT2B1, SULT1C2, STS, SLC25A14 and 1 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• hexacosanoateReach from here →
  1. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, ASAH1lysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• tetracosanoateReach from here →
  1. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, ASAH1lysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• an N-acylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, ASAH1, ACER2 and 8 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• an N-acyl-(4R)-4-hydroxysphinganineReach from here →
  1. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  2. ceramide:phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphotransferase
  3. an N-acyl-(4R)-4-hydroxysphinganine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = an N-acyl-(4R)-4-hydroxysphinganine-phosphocholine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, SGMS1, SGMS2Golgi apparatus

• eicosanoateReach from here →
  1. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, ASAH1lysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoateReach from here →
  1. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, ASAH1lysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• (11Z)-eicosenoateReach from here →
  1. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, ASAH1lysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = cholesterol sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)
  2. Cholesterol-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. thiosulfate(in) + sulfate(out) = thiosulfate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SULT2B1, SULT1C2, STS, SLC25A14 and 3 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by CH25H, MOCOS, NDUFAB1, FDXR and 5 moremitochondrial matrix

• an acylcholineReach from here →
  1. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + cholesterol = cholesteryl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + choline + H(+)
  3. an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by LCAT, ENPP2, GDPD3, GDPD1 and 1 more

• a fatty aldehydeReach from here →
  1. an acyl-CoA + cholesterol = a cholesterol ester + CoA
  2. a cholesterol ester + H2O = cholesterol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  3. a fatty aldehyde + NAD(+) + H2O = a fatty acid + NADH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SOAT2, SOAT1, CES1, LIPN and 3 more

• a sterol esterReach from here →
  1. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)(out) + cholesterol(in) = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)(in) + cholesterol(out)
  2. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)(out) + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(in) = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)(in) + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(out)
  3. a sterol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = a sterol ester + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by OSBP, OSBPL3, LCATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 12-hydroxydodecanoateReach from here →
  1. 1-(beta-D-galactosyl)-N-dodecanoylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-galactoside + N-dodecanoylsphing-4-enine
  2. H2O[c] + N-dodecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = lauric acid[c] + sphingosine[c]
  3. alkane 1-monooxygenase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, NAAA, CYP4A11 and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• alpha-lactoseReach from here →
  1. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  2. cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + H2O = cholesterol + D-glucose
  3. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:D-glucose 4-beta-D-galactosyltransferase

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, B4GALT2, LALBA and 1 moreGolgi apparatus