L-thyroxine

Three steps

• 3',5'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2
  2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  3. 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by DIO1, DIO3, AIFM1, PYROXD1

• 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2
  2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by DIO1, DIO3, AIFM1, PYROXD1

• L-homocysteine thiolactoneReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Formation of Homocystine
  3. arylesterase (homocysteine-thiolactone)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, PON1, PON2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• ursodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of GSH and ursodeoxycholate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. ursodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = ursodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SULT2A1extracellular space, cytosol

• tauroursodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of GSH and tauroursodeoxycholate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. tauroursodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = tauroursodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SULT2A1extracellular space, cytosol

• glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of glycoursodeoxycholate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycoursodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SULT2A1extracellular space, cytosol

• chenodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (chenodiol)
  3. chenodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = chenodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SULT2A1extracellular space, cytosol

• deoxycholateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  3. cytochrome P450 (cholate)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, CYP7A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine,iodide:acceptor oxidoreductase (iodinating)
  2. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-Methylbutyrylglycine Transport, Extracellular

  Catalysed by DIO1, DIO2, SLC26A4, SLC6A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine,iodide:acceptor oxidoreductase (iodinating)
  2. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by DIO1, DIO2, SLC26A4, LPOcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC6A4extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamineReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. fatty acylamide amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, FAAHextracellular space, cytosol

• imidazole-4-acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. amine oxidase copper containing (histamine)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, AOC2, AOC1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• folic acidReach from here →
  1. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. dihydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by DIO1, DIO3, MTO1, DHFR and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. monoamine oxidase (dopamine)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, AOC2, AOC1 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-oneReach from here →
  1. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3beta-Hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, STSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (chenodiol)
  3. chenodeoxycholate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC27A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:28918Reach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, PNMTextracellular space, cytosol

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, NAGSextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin E2(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC22A6extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• iron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  3. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, CYBRD1extracellular space, cytosol

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. serotonin(out) + K(+)(in) + Na(+)(out) + H(+)(in) = serotonin(in) + K(+)(out) + Na(+)(in) + H(+)(out)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC6A4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, CARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• hydrogenselenideReach from here →
  1. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2
  2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  3. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)

  Catalysed by DIO1, DIO3, AIFM1, PYROXD1 and 1 more

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, CTHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2
  2. (R)-malate + A = oxaloacetate + AH2
  3. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by DIO1, DIO3, D2HGDH, GOT2mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, BCHE, ACHEextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  3. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, ADH1C, ADH1A and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• citric acidReach from here →
  1. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2
  2. (R)-malate + A = oxaloacetate + AH2
  3. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)

  Catalysed by DIO1, DIO3, D2HGDH, CSmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine,iodide:acceptor oxidoreductase (iodinating)
  2. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by DIO1, DIO2, SLC26A4cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (glycocholate)
  3. glycocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = glycocholate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC22A24extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 12 routes

• 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acidReach from here →
  1. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2
  2. (R)-malate + A = oxaloacetate + AH2
  3. D-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by DIO1, DIO3, D2HGDH, GOT2mitochondrial matrix

• pentanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. pentanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out) = pentanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, SLC22A9extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• methylarsonateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GPX5, GPX1 and 9 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GPX5, GPX1 and 8 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, NDUFAB1, FDXR and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• fatty acidReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:37946Reach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. aryl sulfotransferase (dopamine)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SULT1A3, SULT1A4 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)
  3. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GLO1, GLOD4 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO2A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 25-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2
  2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  3. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O

  Catalysed by DIO1, DIO3, AIFM1, PYROXD1 and 1 more

• all-trans-4-oxoretinolReach from here →
  1. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2
  2. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  3. cytochrome P450 (retinol)

  Catalysed by DIO1, DIO3, RETSAT, CYP26A1cytosol

• phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2
  2. (R)-malate + A = oxaloacetate + AH2
  3. GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (adding GTP

  Catalysed by DIO1, DIO3, D2HGDH, PCK1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 13-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2
  2. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  3. retinol binding protein (retinol)

  Catalysed by DIO1, DIO3, RETSAT, RBP1 and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-methylserotoninReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:amine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, INMTextracellular space, cytosol

• (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5-Hydroxytryptamine:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating)(flavin-containing)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, MAOA, MAOBextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• taurineReach from here →
  1. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine,iodide:acceptor oxidoreductase (iodinating)
  2. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3

  Catalysed by DIO1, DIO2, SLC26A4, SLC6A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinolReach from here →
  1. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2
  2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  3. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2

  Catalysed by DIO1, DIO3, AIFM1, PYROXD1 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes

• 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. fatty acid amide hydrolase (2-arachidonoylglycerol)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, FAAHextracellular space, cytosol