acetate

Three steps

• an aryl sulfateReach from here →
  1. a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate + H(+)
  2. a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate + H(+)
  3. a phenol + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = an aryl sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by PON1, PON2, PON3, SULT1C2 and 7 moreOne of 2 routes

• D-histidineReach from here →
  1. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase
  2. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase
  3. D-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = D-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)

  Catalysed by ACY1, SLC25A2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-homoarginineReach from here →
  1. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase
  2. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase
  3. L-homoarginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = L-homoarginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by ACY1, SLC25A2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, PLA2G4COne of 6 routes

• 5-aminopentanalReach from here →
  1. N-acetylcadaverine + H2O = cadaverine + acetate
  2. N-acetylcadaverine + H2O = cadaverine + acetate
  3. cadaverine + O2 + H2O = 5-aminopentanal + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, AOC1

• 2-amino-2-deoxy-6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactoneReach from here →
  1. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate
  2. D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + CoA + H(+)
  3. D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + NADP(+) = 2-amino-2-deoxy-6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NADPH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by AMDHD2, GNPNAT1, H6PD

• cholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, SLC26A4 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• CHEBI:15467Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15570Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. alanine racemase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-leucineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 16 routes

• CHEBI:15699Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• trimethylenediamineReach from here →
  1. N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate
  2. N8-acetylspermidine to spermidine conversion
  3. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, DHPScytosolOne of 2 routes

• formateReach from here →
  1. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  3. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + 3 reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 3 O2 = estrone + formate + 3 oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O + 4 H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP17A1, CYP19A1endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• CHEBI:15746Reach from here →
  1. N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate
  2. N8-acetylspermidine to spermidine conversion
  3. S-adenosylmethioninamine:spermidine 3-aminopropyltransferase

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SRM, SMScytosol

• malonateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. malonate(out) + (S)-malate(in) = malonate(in) + (S)-malate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (R)-2-hydroxyglutarateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acetoacetate
  3. AKG[m] + (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate[m] = acetoacetate[m] + (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate[m]

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• a sterolReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. a sterol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = a sterol ester + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, LCAT

• keto-D-fructose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate
  2. N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-phosphate amidohydrolase
  3. D-glucosamine-6-phosphate aminohydrolase (ketol isomerizing)

  Catalysed by AMDHD2, CEMP1, GNPDA1, GNPDA2cytosol

• CHEBI:15971Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• ferricytochrome cReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  3. 13(S)-HPODE to 13-oxy-radical-octadecadienoate conversion

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• 5alpha-androstan-3,17-dioneReach from here →
  1. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  3. 5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione:NADP+ delta4-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CYP17A1, AKR1D1endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 11-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. retinoate reduction
  3. all-trans-Retinal 11-cis-trans-isomerase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, RBP1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:16132Reach from here →
  1. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)
  3. deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase

  Catalysed by CYP17A1, DERAendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• CHEBI:16174Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (dADP)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 9 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• ureaReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, nucleusOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:16264Reach from here →
  1. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate
  2. phosphoglucomutase (N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate)
  3. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase (N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate)

  Catalysed by AMDHD2, PGM3, UAP1, UAP1L1cytosol

• L-cystineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• CHEBI:16284Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. deoxythymidylate kinase (dADP)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• L-citrullineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 13 routes

• iodideReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, SLC26A4extracellular space, cytosol

• L-valineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and valine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 13 routes

• L-arginineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 18 routes

• CHEBI:16497Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. dGTP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• protein polypeptide chainReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. PROTEIN_BS

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16633Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (R)-glycerateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. D-glycerate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:16856Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:16857Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 10 routes

• sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, PNPLA7, ASPG and 1 moreOne of 20 routes

• psychosineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:sphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASAH1cytosol

• 5beta-androstane-3,17-dioneReach from here →
  1. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  3. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + NADPH + H(+) = 5beta-androstane-3,17-dione + NADP(+)

  Catalysed by CYP17A1, AKR1D1endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, SLC26A4 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• glycolaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. hydroxypyruvate carboxy-lyase (glycolaldehyde-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 4-maleylacetoacetateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H2O = acetoacetate + fumarate + H(+)
  3. 4-maleylacetoacetate = 4-fumarylacetoacetate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-mannosamineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes