L-aspartate

Three steps

• CHEBI:18381Reach from here →
  1. 1-(5-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-carboxyimidazole:L-aspartate ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-imidazole AMP-lyase
  3. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)

  Catalysed by PAICS, ADSL, ATICcytosol

• CHEBI:18405Reach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine 5'-phosphate:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SCLY, PNPOcytosolOne of 3 routes

• hydrogen cyanideReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. sulfite(in) + sulfate(out) = sulfite(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtranserase

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, MPST, TSTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. 1-(5-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-carboxyimidazole:L-aspartate ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-imidazole AMP-lyase
  3. 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) + (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate(out) = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out) + (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate(in)

  Catalysed by PAICS, ADSL, SLC19A1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (2E,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (EPA)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoA + O2 = (2E,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosahexaenoyl-CoA + H2O2

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + 2-oxobutanoate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + (2S)-2-aminobutanoate
  3. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + L-glutamate + ATP = gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GCLC

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + octadecanoyl-CoA = 1-octadecanoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• ophthalmateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASNS, GSScytosol, extracellular space

• N-methyltryptamineReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tryptophan(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  2. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:amine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, DDC, INMTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• D-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-glutamine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-glutamine(in)
  2. D-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = D-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  3. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, SLC1A5, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, SLC25A35, SLC25A34 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-sepiapterinReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. L-sepiapterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = L-sepiapterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, SLC25A35, SLC25A34 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Xaa-L-Pro dipeptideReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  2. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  3. Xaa-L-Pro dipeptide + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + L-proline

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC1A4, PEPDinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 11-cis-retinyl esterReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. 11-cis-retinol + a fatty acyl-CoA = 11-cis-retinyl ester + CoA

  Catalysed by NAT8L, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• biocytinReach from here →
  1. L-leucine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-leucine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  2. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  3. biocytin + H2O = biotin + L-lysine

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, SLC7A7, BTDinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, CDKAL1, DIO3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by GOT2, FAHD1, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by GOT2, FAHD1, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 1-butanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + butanoyl-CoA = 1-butanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 1-octanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
  3. 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + octanoyl-CoA = 1-octanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by NAT8L, CROT, MOGAT2, MOGAT1mitochondrial matrix

• 1-eicosanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol = 1-eicosanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASNS, SHMT1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• O-butanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. butanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-butanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC7A5, CARS2cytosol, extracellular space

• 3-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 3-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, CDKAL1, DIO1, DIO3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-acetylneuraminate 9-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (adding GTP
  3. N-acetylneuraminate synthase

  Catalysed by GOT2, PCK1, NANSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 3-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, CDKAL1, DIO1, DIO3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3'-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 3'-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, CDKAL1, DIO1, DIO2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3-oxo-(9Z)-eicosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA)
  3. very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA synthase ((7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• serotonin O-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. serotonin + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = serotonin O-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, CDKAL1, DIO3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• thyronamineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. thyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, CDKAL1, DIO3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3'-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 3'-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, CDKAL1, DIO1, DIO2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3,3'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 3,3'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, CDKAL1, DIO1, DIO2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3',5'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, CDKAL1, DIO3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, CDKAL1, DIO3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-homocysteine thiolactoneReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)
  3. L-homocysteine + ATP = L-homocysteine thiolactone + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, BHMT2, MARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-homocysteinyl-AMPReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)
  3. L-homocysteine + ATP + H(+) = L-homocysteinyl-AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, BHMT2, MARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (2E,6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)
  3. (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + H(+) = (2E,6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (2E,7Z,10Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial
  3. (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoA + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + H(+) = (2E,7Z,10Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]

  Catalysed by NAT8L, HADHA, ACADVL, HADHB and 2 moremitochondrial matrix

• (2E,4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C16:4->C16:5), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by NAT8L, HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBmitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• (2E,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:3->C16:3), Mitochondrial
  3. (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-CoA + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + H(+) = (2E,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]

  Catalysed by NAT8L, HADHA, ACADVL, HADHB and 2 moremitochondrial matrix

• (2E,4Z,7Z)-decatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C10:3), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ECHS1, ACAA2, HADH and 1 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• docosanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)
  3. Docosanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by ASNS, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol

  Catalysed by GOT2, SDHB, SDHAmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. Transport of L-Asparagine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC6A14, LPOcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• octadecanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. Stearoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 9 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• octanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
  3. Octanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, CROT, ACOT7mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• alpha-linolenic acidReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by NAT8L, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes