D-isoleucine

Three steps

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SRR, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SRR, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SCLYinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = D-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  3. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC1A5, QARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC6A14inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SRR, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SRR, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. transport of propanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SRR, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SRR, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SRR, AGXTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SRR, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SRR, LDHDinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SRR, LDHB, LDHAL6Binner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SRR, RIDAinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SRR, PKM, PKLRinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acidReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SRR, NPLinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• a 3-acylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SRR, FAHD1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• glycineReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 13 routes

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SRR, MPSTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SRR, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SRR, TYW1B, TYW1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 15 routes

• L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 8 routes

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, KYNUinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine + O2 + H2O = 3-hydroxypyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  3. 3-hydroxypyruvate = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, DAO, HYIinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. transport of alanine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 16 routes

• L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 13 routes

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, KYNUinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• carbamoyl phosphateReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = D-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  3. HCO3-:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC1A5, CADinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC1A4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3S)-citramalyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SRR, CLYBLinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamineReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = D-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  3. phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (glutamine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC1A5, PPATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = D-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  3. D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC1A5, GFPT2, GFPT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 5-amino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SRR, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-prolineReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC1A4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SRR, HOGA1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SRR, HOGA1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• an N(2)-acyl-L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)
  2. D-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = D-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  3. an acyl-CoA + L-glutamine = an N(2)-acyl-L-glutamine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC1A5, GLYATL1B, GLYATL1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane