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Reach

all-trans-retinol

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

Inferred

Every route here is a hypothesis drawn from reference reactions (Rhea and Human-GEM), not a finding. Currency species such as water, ATP and NAD(H) never form a step. Evidence key

340 compounds within 3 steps: 18 in 1, 34 in 2, 288 in 3

Does it reach a compound?

Two steps

9-cis-retinalReach from here →
1. retinol: NADP+ oxidoreductase
2. retinol binding protein (retinal)
Catalysed by DHRS3, RDH10, RDH11, RDH12 and 4 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 6 routes
hexadecanoateReach from here →
1. all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + CoA
2. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
Catalysed by DGAT1, PNPLA4, AWAT2, MOGAT3 and 3 moreOne of 3 routes

Three steps

(S)-carnitineReach from here →
Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 4 morecytosolOne of 246 routes
2-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
Catalysed by and 9 more

Page 2 of 7

DHRS3

, RDH10

, RDH11

, RDH12

cytosol, extracellular space

One of 2 routes

(8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphateReach from here →

all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
GTP + AH2 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = (8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + H(+)

Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, MOCS1

(18S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →

all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (18S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O

Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, PTGS2

(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →

all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O

Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, PTGS2

prostaglandin H3Reach from here →

all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
prostaglandin G3 + AH2 = prostaglandin H3 + A + H2O

Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, PTGS2

13-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →

all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = 13-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O

Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, PTGS2

9-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →

all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = 9-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O

Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, PTGS2

N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →

1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + all-trans-retinol = all-trans-retinyl 9Z-octadecenoate + di-(9Z)-octadecenoylglycerol
di-(9Z)-octadecenoylglycerol + H2O = (9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+)
L-phenylalanine + (9Z)-octadecenoate = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

Catalysed by PNPLA4, PNPLA2, DDHD2, PNLIPRP2 and 1 more

N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucineReach from here →

1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + all-trans-retinol = all-trans-retinyl 9Z-octadecenoate + di-(9Z)-octadecenoylglycerol
di-(9Z)-octadecenoylglycerol + H2O = (9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+)
N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucine + H2O = L-leucine + (9Z)-octadecenoate

Catalysed by PNPLA4, PNPLA2, DDHD2, PNLIPRP2 and 1 more

all-trans-4-hydroxyretinoateReach from here →

retinol: NADP+ oxidoreductase
retinal:NAD+ oxidoreductase
cytochrome P450 (retinoate)

Catalysed by DHRS3, RDH10, RDH11, RDH12 and 6 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

(13R)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →

all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = (13R)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O

Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, PTGS1 and 1 more

a 3-(acyloxy)acyl derivative of bacterial toxinReach from here →

Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
an all-trans-retinyl ester + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + a fatty acid + H(+)
a 3-(acyloxy)acyl derivative of bacterial toxin + H2O = a 3-hydroxyacyl derivative of bacterial toxin + a fatty acid + H(+)

Catalysed by LRAT, RPE65, AOAHcytosol

acetoacetateReach from here →

retinol: NADP+ oxidoreductase
retinal:NAD+ oxidoreductase
transport of acetoacetate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by DHRS3, RDH10, RDH11, RDH12 and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →

all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, PTGS2

2-[(15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →

all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, PTGS2

2-[(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →

all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, PTGS2

2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →

all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2-(prostaglandin G2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + AH2 = 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + A + H2O

Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, PTGS2

2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →

all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2-(prostaglandin G2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 = 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, PTGS2

1-hexadecanoyl-2-heptanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →

all-trans-retinol + 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + 2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
2 2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine
1,2-diheptanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-heptanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-heptanoyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

Catalysed by LRAT, ASPG, PLAAT2

1-heptanoyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →

all-trans-retinol + 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + 2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
2 2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine
1,2-diheptanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-heptanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-heptanoyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

Catalysed by LRAT, ASPG, PLAAT2

1-O-(1Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-N-hexadecanoyl-ethanolamineReach from here →

all-trans-retinol + 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + 2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
2 2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine
1-(1Z-octadecenyl)-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-(1Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-N-hexadecanoyl-ethanolamine + 2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(+)

Catalysed by LRAT, ASPG, PLA2G4E

all-trans-retinoyl-1-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →

retinol: NADP+ oxidoreductase
retinal:NAD+ oxidoreductase
glucuronosyltransferase (retinoate)

Catalysed by DHRS3, RDH10, RDH11, RDH12 and 8 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

all-trans-18-hydroxyretinoateReach from here →

retinol: NADP+ oxidoreductase
retinal:NAD+ oxidoreductase
unspecific monooxygenase (retinoate)

Catalysed by DHRS3, RDH10, RDH11, RDH12 and 30 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

(7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →

Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA)

Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 4 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

CHEBI:15345Reach from here →

Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 2 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

cholineReach from here →

Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase

Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleusOne of 10 routes

pyruvateReach from here →

retinol: NADP+ oxidoreductase
retinal:NAD+ oxidoreductase
transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by DHRS3, RDH10, RDH11, RDH12 and 11 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 8 routes

CHEBI:15380Reach from here →

Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
5-aminolevulinate synthase (2-amino-3-oxoadipate)

Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

CHEBI:15477Reach from here →

Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

2-methylcrotonoyl-CoAReach from here →

Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
Production of Tiglylcarnitine

Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

isobutyryl-CoAReach from here →

Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4-methyl-pentanoyl-CoA)

Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoAReach from here →

Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
glycine-N-acyltransferase (3-methylcrotonoylglycine)

Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

isovaleryl-CoAReach from here →

Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
glycine N-acyltransferase (isovalerylglycine)

Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

arachidonoyl-CoAReach from here →

Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
Arachidonate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 9 morecytosolOne of 11 routes

CHEBI:15519Reach from here →

Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 4 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

palmitoyl-CoAReach from here →

Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 9 morecytosolOne of 12 routes

oleoyl-CoAReach from here →

Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix

Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 4 morecytosolOne of 14 routes

phenylacetyl-CoAReach from here →

Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
Phenylacetate:CoA ligase

Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 1 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

propionyl-CoAReach from here →

Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 4 morecytosolOne of 43 routes

(S)-malateReach from here →

all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
(R)-malate + A = oxaloacetate + AH2
transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)

Catalysed by RETSAT, D2HGDHmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

L-leucineReach from here →

all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
transport of cysteine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by RETSAT, MOCOS, SLC7A9, SLC3A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

CHEBI:15650Reach from here →

Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion

Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 30 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

CHEBI:15699Reach from here →

all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
transport of cysteine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by RETSAT, MOCOS, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

CHEBI:15727Reach from here →

Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)

Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 2 morecytosol

formateReach from here →

all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
N(6),N(6)-dimethyl-L-lysyl(4)-[histone H3] + 2 A + 2 H2O = L-lysyl(4)-[histone H3] + 2 formaldehyde + 2 AH2
formaldehyde + NAD(+) + H2O = formate + NADH + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by RETSAT, KDM1A, KDM1B, ALDH9A1

CHEBI:15746Reach from here →

Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)

Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

hexadecanoic acidReach from here →

Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acylhydrolase
(10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

Catalysed by LRAT, LYPLA1, LYPLA2, PLA2G4A and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes