Met-tRNA(Met)

Three steps

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by BHMT2cytosol

• carbamoyl phosphateReach from here →
  1. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. HCO3-:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating)

  Catalysed by CADcytosolOne of 2 routes

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by BHMT2cytosol

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA N-formyltransferase
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine

  Catalysed by MTFMT, SHMT1, AADATcytosolOne of 4 routes

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA N-formyltransferase
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by MTFMT, SHMT1, AGXT2cytosolOne of 5 routes

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• histamineReach from here →
  1. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)

  Catalysed by HDCcytosol

• (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinateReach from here →
  1. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA N-formyltransferase
  2. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)
  3. 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-imidazole AMP-lyase

  Catalysed by MTFMT, ATIC, ADSLcytosolOne of 4 routes

• 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamideReach from here →
  1. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA N-formyltransferase
  2. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)
  3. (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

  Catalysed by MTFMT, ATICcytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  2. mitothioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-arginine + O2 + H2O = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by IL4I1cytosol

• S-sulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. 2 L-cysteine = S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by CARS2cytosol

• N-formyl-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2cytosol

• 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamineReach from here →
  1. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (glutamine)

  Catalysed by PPATcytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by GFPT2, GFPT1cytosol

• L-methionine (S)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by MSRAcytosol

• L-methionine (R)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by MSRB3, MSRB1, MSRB2cytosol

• S-sulfanylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  2. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  3. S-sulfanylglutathione + O2 + H2O = sulfite + glutathione + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, ETHE1cytosol

• N-formimidoyl-L-glutamateReach from here →
  1. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA N-formyltransferase
  2. 5-Formiminotetrahydrofolate:L-glutamate N-formiminotransferase
  3. 5-Formiminotetrahydrofolate:L-glutamate N-formiminotransferase

  Catalysed by MTFMT, FTCDcytosol

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycineReach from here →
  1. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA N-formyltransferase
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by MTFMT, SHMT1, GLYATL2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase

  Catalysed by PPCScytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3-iodo-L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by TPOcytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-prolineReach from here →
  1. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-benzoylglycineReach from here →
  1. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA N-formyltransferase
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation

  Catalysed by MTFMT, SHMT1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-sulfino-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. transport of 3-sulfinoalanine and aspartate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by SLC25A12, SLC25A13cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 2 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• dTMPReach from here →
  1. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA N-formyltransferase
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by MTFMT, SHMT1, TYMScytosolOne of 3 routes

• ubiquinol-10Reach from here →
  1. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  2. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  3. ubiquinone-10 + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+) = ubiquinol-10 + thiosulfate

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, SQORcytosol

• N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithineReach from here →
  1. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  2. mitothioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-arginine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-(omega)-hydroxyarginine-forming)

  Catalysed by NOS3, NOS1, NOS2cytosol

• Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
  1. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by MOCOScytosol

• 3',3'-cGAMPReach from here →
  1. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA N-formyltransferase
  2. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)
  3. 3',3'-cGAMP(out) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) = 3',3'-cGAMP(in) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out)

  Catalysed by MTFMT, ATIC, SLC19A1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA N-formyltransferase
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by MTFMT, SHMT1, AGXT2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• thio-Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
  1. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by MOCOScytosol

• glycodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA N-formyltransferase
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by MTFMT, SHMT1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-tetradecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA N-formyltransferase
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-tetradecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by MTFMT, SHMT1, GLYATL2cytosol

• N-eicosanoylglycinateReach from here →
  1. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA N-formyltransferase
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-eicosanoylglycinate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by MTFMT, SHMT1, BAATcytosol

• N-docosanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA N-formyltransferase
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. docosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-docosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by MTFMT, SHMT1, BAATcytosol

• N-hexacosanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA N-formyltransferase
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. hexacosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexacosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by MTFMT, SHMT1, BAATcytosol

• an N(2)-acyl-L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. an acyl-CoA + L-glutamine = an N(2)-acyl-L-glutamine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GLYATL1B, GLYATL1cytosol

• thiamine(1+) diphosphateReach from here →
  1. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  2. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
  3. Antiport of thiamine-diphosphate and dATP

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes