hexadecanoic acid

Three steps

• 12(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. arachidonate:oxygen 12-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ALOX12cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• 15(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. arachidonate:oxygen 15-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ALOX15B, ALOX15cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• 5(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. Arachidonate:oxygen 5-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ALOX5cytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:15699Reach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of glycine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, SLC7A5cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 17 routes

• betaine aldehydeReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. choline dehydrogenase (choline)

  Catalysed by CHAT, CHDHcytosol, nucleusOne of 3 routes

• trimethylenediamineReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, DHPScytosolOne of 2 routes

• 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. Acyl-CoA:glycerone-phosphate O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 morecytosol

• CHEBI:15971Reach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• phosphatidylethanolamineReach from here →
  1. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 9 morecytosol

• 11-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. 11-cis-retinol:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1, AWAT2 and 8 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+)Reach from here →
  1. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 8 morecytosol

• cholesterolReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. N-octadecanoylsphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + octadecanoate
  3. beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-N-octadecanoylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + N-octadecanoylsphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ASAH2, GBA1cytosol

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, extracellular space

• L-cystineReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• (R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• phosphatidic acidReach from here →
  1. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 2-O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 13 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• (R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  3. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 7 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 8 routes

• L-citrullineReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, SLC7A9 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 8 routes

• iodideReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A4endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, extracellular space

• L-valineReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride and valine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 22 routes

• L-arginineReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 20 routes

• CHEBI:16523Reach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, SLC3A2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• protein polypeptide chainReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. PROTEIN_BS

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:16566Reach from here →
  1. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating)
  3. Sphinganine:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 8 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:16633Reach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SCLYcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by NAGS, MARS1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by NAGS, AADATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 8-hydroxydodecanoateReach from here →
  1. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. dodecanoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 8-hydroxydodecanoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP4Z1cytosol, extracellular space

• 10-hydroxydodecanoateReach from here →
  1. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. dodecanoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 10-hydroxydodecanoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP4Z1cytosol, extracellular space

• 9-hydroxydodecanoateReach from here →
  1. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. dodecanoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 9-hydroxydodecanoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP4Z1cytosol, extracellular space

• 9-hydroxytetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. tetradecanoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 9-hydroxytetradecanoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP4Z1cytosol, extracellular space

• 10-hydroxytetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. tetradecanoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 10-hydroxytetradecanoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP4Z1cytosol, extracellular space

• 12-hydroxytetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. tetradecanoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 12-hydroxytetradecanoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP4Z1cytosol, extracellular space

• 11-hydroxytetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. tetradecanoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 11-hydroxytetradecanoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP4Z1cytosol, extracellular space

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)
  3. L-cystathionine cysteine-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by NAGS, CTHcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16856Reach from here →
  1. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  No catalyst recordedcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• CHEBI:16857Reach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Transport of L-Threonine by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by SLC6A14endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 20 routes

• pantetheine 4'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)
  3. Dephospho-CoA nucleotidohydrolase

  Catalysed by ACP2, ENPP3, ENPP1cytosol, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• psychosineReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:sphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2cytosol, Golgi apparatus

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, DAOcytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisome

• 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase (palmitoyl-CoA)
  3. 1-acylglycerol-3P-LD-TG1 pool (liver tissue) formation

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 8 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, extracellular space

• a cholesterol esterReach from here →
  1. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase
  3. cholesterol-ester plasma pool to cholesterol-ester-10,13,16,19-docosa conversion

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 4 routes

• taurolithocholateReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (lithocholate)

  Catalysed by BAATcytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 20 routes

• CHEBI:17203Reach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, CLTRN, SLC6A20endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 17 routes

• S-(4,8-dimethylnonanoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. Carnitine Dimethyl Nonanoyl Transferase, Revsible, Peroxisomal
  3. 4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(4,8-dimethylnonanoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by CRAT, CROT, NUDT19cytosol, peroxisome

• S-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (linolenate)
  3. (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 morecytosol

• S-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 morecytosol

• S-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. palmitoyl-CoA desaturase (N-C16:0CoA -> N-C16:1CoA)
  3. (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 morecytosol