epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine

Three steps

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, GPX1 and 1 more

• (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + 2 glutathione = (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, GPX1 and 1 more

• (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. (17S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + 2 glutathione = (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, GPX1 and 1 more

• a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. a hydroperoxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2 glutathione = a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, GPX4

• 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-lysine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-lysine(in)
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC25A2, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, AGXT2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, SHMT1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of cysteine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, CARS2cytosol, extracellular space

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by GGACT, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by GGACT, HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by GGACT, HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by GGACT, ECHS1, ACAA2, HADHcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by GGACT, ECHS1, ACAA2, HADHcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanalReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal + glutathione = 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanal

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, GSTP1

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, GLYAT, GLYATL2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, SQOR

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of chloride and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC6A14, LPOcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of chloride and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC6A14, SLC12A2, SLC12A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, GLYATcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by GGACT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 5-hydroxytryptophanReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan, Tetrahydrobiopterin:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (5-Hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, TPH1, TPH2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. LTD4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by GGACT, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, SCLYcytosol, extracellular space

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of cysteine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, NAGScytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• L-ascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, CLIC1 and 2 more

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of cysteine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, SLC1A1cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of cysteine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, CARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, FARSB, FARSAcytosol, extracellular space

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, GARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• Trp-tRNA(Trp)Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, WARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of isoleucine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, IARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glutamine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, QARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, LACC1cytosol, extracellular space

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of asparagine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, NARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, BAATcytosol, extracellular space, peroxisomeOne of 4 routes

• cholateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. cholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = cholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, ABCC4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of cysteine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, CTHcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, AGXT2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 19 routes

• CHEBI:30249Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, IDO1, TDO2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of chloride and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC6A14, SLC26A4cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of chloride and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• an alcoholReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, CP and 1 more

• D-lysineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-lysine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-lysine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC25A2cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• D-arginineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC25A2cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, IL4I1cytosol, extracellular space