L-cysteinylglycine

Three steps

• nicotinateReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, SLC22A13, SLC22A12inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-lysineReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A9 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• D-lysineReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-lysine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-lysine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A6 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A6 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• D-arginineReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A6 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 4 morecytosol

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• a carboxylic esterReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  3. a carboxylic ester + H2O = an alcohol + a carboxylate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, CP, PRDX6 and 5 more

• methylarsonateReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 13 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, GOT2 and 3 morecytosolOne of 13 routes

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A5 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• tetra-mu3-sulfido-tetrairon(2+)Reach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. Synthesis of 4Fe4S from 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NDUFAB1 and 12 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-isoleucine + 2-oxoglutarate = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A5 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular space

• fatty acidReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• a hydroperoxideReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  3. a hydroperoxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = an alcohol + [thioredoxin]-disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, CP, PRDX6 and 5 more

• 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A5 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• chenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (chenodiol)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, PTGES, LANCL1 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A5 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 7 routes

• 3-hydroxyanthranilateReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 morecytosol

• CHEBI:37946Reach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. aryl sulfotransferase (dopamine)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 8 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 1 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 10 routes

• 25-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 4 morecytosol

• 2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 1 morecytosol

• phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 2 morecytosol

• N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 1 morecytosol

• N-methylserotoninReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:amine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular space

• Cu(+)Reach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate
  3. Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, CLIC1, GSTO1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5-Hydroxytryptamine:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating)(flavin-containing)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• taurineReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGS and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinolReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 4 morecytosol

• 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. fatty acid amide hydrolase (2-arachidonoylglycerol)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamideReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol
  3. 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone + H(+) = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside + a quinol

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, SQOR, NQO2

• malonaldehydeReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin H2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thromboxane A synthase (12(S)-HHT)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• a 3-acylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 1 morecytosol

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGS and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGS and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGS and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGS and 8 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + ATP + CoA = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 13 morecytosol, extracellular space

• benzoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation
  3. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, GLYATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGS and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• choloyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  3. cholate + ATP + CoA = choloyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular space

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGS and 8 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 10 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGS and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• hexadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, GLYATL3cytosol

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGS and 8 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 12 routes