N-formyl-L-kynurenine

Three steps

• CHEBI:1146900Reach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYNUcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 40 routes

• N(omega)-methyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYNU, AGXT2cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. transport of tryptophan and valine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Valine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC7A5 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• AReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT, MOCOS

• glycoursodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. glycine to glycoursodeoxycholate conversion

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADATcytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATL3 and 1 more

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. L-phenylalanine + (9Z)-octadecenoate = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC7A8, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + L-phenylalanine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC7A8, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucine + H2O = L-leucine + (9Z)-octadecenoate

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC43A1, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

• N-octadecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATL2

• N-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATL2

• N-hexadecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATL3

• N-dodecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. dodecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-dodecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATL2

• N-decanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. decanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-decanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATL2

• N-octanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. octanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATL2

• D-histidineReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = D-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC7A6 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-homoarginineReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-homoarginine(in) + L-arginine(out) = L-homoarginine(out) + L-arginine(in)

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC7A6 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• L-homocarnosineReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. transport of histidine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Formation of homocarnosine

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC7A6 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + glycine + ATP = N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, GART

• 3-(methylthio)propionic acidReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate + CO + formate + 2 H(+)
  3. acireductone dioxygenase

  Catalysed by AFMID, ADI1cytosol

• L-cystine-bis-glycineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, DPEP1 and 1 more

• glycyldehydrophenylalanineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, DPEP1

• N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + formate + ATP = (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + phosphate
  3. N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate = N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AFMID, MTHFD1, MTHFD1L, GART

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. transport of glutamine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H2O = 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC7A5 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• kinetensinReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. Chymase

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC7A8, CMA1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• an N-(fatty acyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATL2

• N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATL2

• acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. transport of threonine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosol

• cholineReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC6A14 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• pyruvateReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYNU, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 16 routes

• CHEBI:15570Reach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. alanine racemase

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYNUcytosolOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:15611Reach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, GNMTcytosol

• trimethylenediamineReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. transport of lysine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC7A6 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. transport of histidine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC7A6 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:15765Reach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. solute carrier (L-dopa)

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC43A1, SLC3A2, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 4-(2-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AFMID, KMO, KYAT1, KYAT3 and 1 morecytosol

• 3-hydroxyanthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  3. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by AFMID, KMO, KYNUcytosol

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. L-tryptophan(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tryptophan(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  3. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC7A13 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. transport of glutamine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC7A5 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• thioredoxin dithiolReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, WARS1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• methanethiolReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. formaldehyde + NAD(+) + H2O = formate + NADH + 2 H(+)
  3. methanethiol + O2 + H2O = hydrogen sulfide + formaldehyde + H2O2 + H(+)

  Catalysed by AFMID, ALDH9A1, SELENBP1

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. oxalate(in) + formate(out) = oxalate(out) + formate(in)
  3. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC26A2 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• ureaReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC7A6 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-cystineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYNU, SLC7A9, SLC3A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 9 routes

• (R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYNU, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• iodideReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. transport of tryptophan and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC7A5 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. L-tryptophan(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tryptophan(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  3. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC7A13 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• nitric oxideReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC7A6 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16523Reach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, SLC3A2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC7A6 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol