5-oxo-L-proline

Three steps

• formaldehydeReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, ESD, ADH1C and 5 morecytosol

• CHEBI:16856Reach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  3. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, GSR, GPX5 and 8 morecytosolOne of 33 routes

• CHEBI:16857Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  3. transport of lysine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• ferrocytochrome cReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, TSTD1, SUOXmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• bilirubin IXalphaReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  3. transport of bilirubin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, PTGES, LANCL1 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (R)-lactaldehydeReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. (R)-S-lactoylglutathione = methylglyoxal + glutathione
  3. (R)-Lactaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase (glutathione-formylating)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, GLO1, ADH1C and 6 morecytosol

• taurolithocholateReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, PTGES, LANCL1 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  3. transport of isoleucine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17203Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  3. transport of lysine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17208Reach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, SLC22A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  3. transport of cysteine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• xanthineReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, SLC22A13, XDHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17895Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  3. transport of lysine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• fumaric acidReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. transport of fumarate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, TSTD1, SLC25A10mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  3. transport of glutamine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 5-hydroxyisourateReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. urate:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, SLC22A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• hydrogen cyanideReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtranserase

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, TSTD1, MPST and 1 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• biocytinReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  3. biocytin + H2O = biotin + L-lysine

  Catalysed by GGACT, BTD

• glycodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. glycodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. glycodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, ABCC4, SULT2A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• tauroursodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. tauroursodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = tauroursodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. tauroursodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = tauroursodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, ABCC4, SULT2A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. glycoursodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycoursodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. glycoursodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, ABCC4, SULT2A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. glycochenodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycochenodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. glycochenodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, ABCC4, SULT2A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• deoxycholateReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. glycodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, ABCC4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• dimethylarsinous acidReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. arsenic triglutathione + 3 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = trimethylarsine + 3 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3 H(+)
  3. arsenic triglutathione + 2 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H2O = dimethylarsinous acid + 2 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, AS3MT

• trimethylarsineReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. arsenic triglutathione + 3 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = trimethylarsine + 3 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3 H(+)
  3. arsenic triglutathione + 3 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = trimethylarsine + 3 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3 H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, AS3MT

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (leukotriene C4)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, MGST3, GSTM4 and 8 moreextracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, SLC22A13, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• iron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate
  3. Fe(3+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + Fe(2+)(out) + H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, CLIC1, GSTO1 and 6 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a thiolReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. L-cysteinyl-[sulfatase] + 2 a thiol + O2 = an organic disulfide + 3-oxo-L-alanyl-[sulfatase] + hydrogen sulfide + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, TSTD1, SUMF1

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  3. transport of chloride and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular space

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, ESDcytosol

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. transport of malonate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, TSTD1, SLC25A10mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-dihydroorotateReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol
  3. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, SQOR, DHODH

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. glycocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. glycocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = glycocholate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, ABCC4, SLC22A24inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  3. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, PTGES, LANCL1 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• nicotinateReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, SLC22A13, SLC22A12inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a carboxylic esterReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  3. a carboxylic ester + H2O = an alcohol + a carboxylate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, CP, PRDX6 and 5 more

• methylarsonateReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, GSR, GSTO1 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  3. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, GSR, TSTD1One of 11 routes

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  3. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, PTGES, LANCL1 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• a hydroperoxideReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  3. a hydroperoxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = an alcohol + [thioredoxin]-disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, CP, PRDX6 and 5 more

• chenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (chenodiol)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, PTGES, LANCL1 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  3. transport of glycolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, PTGES, LANCL1 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. (R)-S-lactoylglutathione = methylglyoxal + glutathione
  3. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione hydrolase

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, GLO1, HAGH and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, SLC22A13, SLC22A12inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  3. transport of lysine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A5, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• Cu(+)Reach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate
  3. Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, CLIC1, GSTO1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, PTGES, LANCL1 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamideReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol
  3. 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone + H(+) = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside + a quinol

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, SQOR, NQO2

• glycineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  3. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 8 routes