xanthine

Three steps

• prostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  3. prostaglandin D2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin D2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLCO2A1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX2 and 1 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (R)-S-lactoylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (R)-S-lactoylglutathione = methylglyoxal + glutathione

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A13, GLO1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotideReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  3. 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + nicotinate + ATP + H2O = nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + ADP + phosphate + diphosphate

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A12, SLC22A13, NAPRTcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMPReach from here →
  1. XMP:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase
  2. IMP + NAD(+) + H2O = XMP + NADH + H(+)
  3. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by HPRT1, IMPDH2, IMPDH1, ADSS2 and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• dGMPReach from here →
  1. XMP:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase
  2. IMP + NAD(+) + H2O = XMP + NADH + H(+)
  3. dGMP + inosine = 2'-deoxyguanosine + IMP

  Catalysed by HPRT1, IMPDH2, IMPDH1, NT5C2cytosol

• S-formylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A13, ESDcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. hypoxanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H(+)
  2. inosine:phosphate alpha-D-ribosyltransferase
  3. inosine + phosphate = alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate + hypoxanthine

  Catalysed by XDH, PNP, LACC1cytosol

• 3',5'-cyclic GMPReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic GMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic GMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A6cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A8, SLC22A24cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A13, MGST3, GSTM4 and 2 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3',5'-cyclic AMPReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic AMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic AMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A6cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• glutathione disulfideReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A13, GSRcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 22 routes

• 5-oxo-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A13, CHAC2, CHAC1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• kynurenateReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A8, SLC22A6cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• S-sulfanylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. S-sulfanylglutathione + O2 + H2O = sulfite + glutathione + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A13, ETHE1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• monodehydro-L-ascorbate radicalReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  3. 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... conversion

  Catalysed by XDHcytosolOne of 8 routes

• (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A6, SLC22A8cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (2S)-2-phospholactateReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  3. (2S)-2-phospholactate + H2O = (S)-lactate + phosphate

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A12, SLC22A13, PGPcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• estrone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A8, SLC22A24, SLC22A11cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  3. prostaglandin E2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLCO2A1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• N-benzoylglycineReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A6, SLC22A8cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• dIMPReach from here →
  1. XMP:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase
  2. IMP + NAD(+) + H2O = XMP + NADH + H(+)
  3. dIMP + inosine = 2'-deoxyinosine + IMP

  Catalysed by HPRT1, IMPDH2, IMPDH1, NT5C2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. glutathione + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A13, GGT3P, GGT1 and 3 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• ubiquinol-10Reach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. ubiquinone-10 + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + ubiquinol-10

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A13, SQORcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (R)-noradrenalineReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  3. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by XDH, DBHcytosol

• NAADP(+)Reach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  3. nicotinate + NADP(+) = NAADP(+) + nicotinamide

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CD38cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (9S)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (9S)-hydroperoxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + 2 glutathione = (9S)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(out) + glutarate(in) = 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A8, SLC22A24cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• glycodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. glycodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A13, ABCC4cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (12R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (12R)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX2 and 1 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A13, PTGES, MGST3 and 4 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• thromboxane B2Reach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  3. thromboxane B2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = thromboxane B2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLCO2A1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an S-substituted glutathioneReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A13, GSTT4, GSTA4 and 21 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (13S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + 2 glutathione = (13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A13, GPX1, GSTA1 and 2 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• taurochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. taurochenodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurochenodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by XDH, SLC22A13, ABCC4cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane