dehydroascorbic acid

Three steps

• taurolithocholateReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. transport of GSH and taurolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• homocysteineReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. Formation of Homocystine

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 5 morecytosol

• sulfiteReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  3. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by GSR, TSTD1cytosolOne of 6 routes

• L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. cystine to cysteine conversion

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• xanthineReach from here →
  1. 7-hydroperoxy-H4-neuroprostane to 7-hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane conversion
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  3. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by XDHcytosolOne of 2 routes

• methylarsonous acidReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GSR, GSTO1, GSTO2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• fumaric acidReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. transport of fumarate and thiosulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SLC25A10cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• thiocyanateReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtranserase

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TSTcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 5-hydroxyisourateReach from here →
  1. 7-hydroperoxy-H4-neuroprostane to 7-hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane conversion
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  3. urate:oxygen oxidoreductase

  No catalyst recordedcytosol

• (R)-3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehydeReach from here →
  1. 7-hydroperoxy-H4-neuroprostane to 7-hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane conversion
  2. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  3. (R)-noradrenaline + O2 + H2O = (R)-3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by DBH, MAOA, MAOBcytosol

• arsenic triglutathioneReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  3. arsenic triglutathione + 3 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = trimethylarsine + 3 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3 H(+)

  Catalysed by GSR, AS3MTcytosolOne of 3 routes

• (R)-normetanephrineReach from here →
  1. 7-hydroperoxy-H4-neuroprostane to 7-hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane conversion
  2. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:catechol O-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by DBH, COMT, LRTOMTcytosol

• 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  3. 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathione

  Catalysed by GSR, MGST3cytosol

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GSR, GPX1, GPX4cytosol

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GSR, GPX1, GPX4cytosol

• (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoateReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  3. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + 2 glutathione = (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GSR, GPX1, GPX4cytosol

• (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  3. (17S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + 2 glutathione = (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GSR, GPX1, GPX4cytosol

• a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  3. a hydroperoxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2 glutathione = a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GSR, GPX4cytosol

• (R)-noradrenaline 4'-O-sulfateReach from here →
  1. 7-hydroperoxy-H4-neuroprostane to 7-hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane conversion
  2. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  3. sulfotransferase (noradrenaline)

  Catalysed by DBH, SULT1A3cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanalReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  3. (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal + glutathione = 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanal

  Catalysed by GSR, GSTP1cytosol

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  3. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol

  Catalysed by GSR, SQORcytosol

• 5(S)-HETEReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. transport of GSH and LTD4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3-disulfanyl-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by CTHcytosol

• CHEBI:28918Reach from here →
  1. 7-hydroperoxy-H4-neuroprostane to 7-hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane conversion
  2. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by DBH, PNMTcytosol

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. 7-hydroperoxy-H4-neuroprostane to 7-hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane conversion
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  3. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Fe(3+)Reach from here →
  1. 7-hydroperoxy-H4-neuroprostane to 7-hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane conversion
  2. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  3. Fe(II):oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, CP, FTH1, FXN and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• Cu(2+)Reach from here →
  1. 7-hydroperoxy-H4-neuroprostane to 7-hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane conversion
  2. 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... conversion
  3. Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-ascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. 7-hydroperoxy-H4-neuroprostane to 7-hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane conversion
  2. 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... conversion
  3. a [peptide]-C-terminal glycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = a [peptide]-C-terminal (2S)-2-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by PAMcytosolOne of 10 routes

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (glycocholate)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• cholateReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  3. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by GSR, TSTD1cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. L-cystine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-aspartate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an alcoholReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  3. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GSR, CP, PRDX6cytosol

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. 7-hydroperoxy-H4-neuroprostane to 7-hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane conversion
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  3. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• nicotinateReach from here →
  1. 7-hydroperoxy-H4-neuroprostane to 7-hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane conversion
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  3. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. 7-hydroperoxy-H4-neuroprostane to 7-hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane conversion
  2. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  3. glycochenodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycochenodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GSR, ABCC4cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. transport of glycolithocholate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. 7-hydroperoxy-H4-neuroprostane to 7-hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane conversion
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  3. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12cytosol, extracellular space

• tert-butanolReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  3. tert-butyl hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = tert-butanol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GSR, CLIC2, GPX1, GPX2 and 2 morecytosol

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 11 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. transport of GSH and triiodothyronine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E1 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin I2Reach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin I2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin F2alphaReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin F2alpha (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin H2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes