CHEBI:15971

Three steps

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, SLC27A2, SLC27A5cytosolOne of 4 routes

• S-sulfanylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)
  2. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Sulfide:glutathione,quinone oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SQORcytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• methylamineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine(in) + L-arginine(out) = N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine(out) + L-arginine(in)
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + H2O = L-citrulline + methylamine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC25A29, DDAH1extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• monodehydro-L-ascorbate radicalReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GLYATL3, GLYATL2, PAMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AADAT, PAHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• pyridoxal 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine 5'-phosphate + O2 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + H2O2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SCLY, PNPOextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-hydroxy-4-methylvaleric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of histidine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate reduction

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, BCAT2, SDR42E2, AKR1B15 and 16 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• an L-alpha-amino acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, KYNU, SLC7A11extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• dopamineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• glycolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + A = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, ACAD10extracellular space, cytosol

• estrone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 morecytosolOne of 8 routes

• (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 11 routes

• Fe(II)-heme aReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. Fe(II)-heme o + 2 A + H2O = Fe(II)-heme a + 2 AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, COX15extracellular space, cytosol

• (R)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase
  3. N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteine + H(+) = (R)-4'-phosphopantetheine + CO2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, PPCS, PPCDCextracellular space, cytosol

• (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AADAT, HOGA1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, CPT1A, CPT1Bcytosol

• (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline
  3. trans-4-Hydroxy-L-proline:NAD+ 5-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC1A4, PYCR1, PYCR3 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetate

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC4A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of histidine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)
  3. 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + acetaldehyde

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, DERAextracellular space, cytosol

• leukotriene D4Reach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. leukotriene C4 + H2O = leukotriene D4 + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GGT1, GGT5extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:63544Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (adrenic acid)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• ubiquinol-10Reach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. ubiquinone-10 + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + ubiquinol-10

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, SQORextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• hexacosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• tetracosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 10 routes

• docosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + A = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, ACAD10extracellular space, cytosol

• xanthurenateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AADAT, KYAT3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (2E)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearidonic acid)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 8 routes

• (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AADAT, HOGA1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (R)-noradrenalineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• L-threonylcarbamoyladenylateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. L-threonine + hydrogencarbonate + ATP = L-threonylcarbamoyladenylate + diphosphate + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC7A10, YRDCextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (EPA)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DPA)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (linolenate)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• (13Z)-docosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-erucic acid)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• (11Z)-eicosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-gondoic acid)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• (9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-TPA)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-THA)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• (15Z)-tetracosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nervonic acid)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• (17Z)-hexacosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (ximenic acid)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (dihomo-gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (omega-3-arachidonic acid)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• heptadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (margaric acid)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 6 routes