3-(carbamoylamino)propanoate

1. 5,6-dihydrouracil + H2O = 3-(carbamoylamino)propanoate + H(+)

Catalysed by DPYS

1. 3-(carbamoylamino)propanoate + H2O + 2 H(+) = beta-alanine + NH4(+) + CO2

Catalysed by UPB1

1. 3-(carbamoylamino)propanoate + H2O + 2 H(+) = beta-alanine + NH4(+) + CO2
2. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)

Catalysed by UPB1, CARNS1cytosol

1. 5,6-dihydrouracil + H2O = 3-(carbamoylamino)propanoate + H(+)
2. 5,6-dihydrouracil:NAD+ oxidoreductase

Catalysed by DPYScytosolOne of 2 routes

1. 3-(carbamoylamino)propanoate + H2O + 2 H(+) = beta-alanine + NH4(+) + CO2
2. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
3. Carnitine Transport by Atb0

Catalysed by UPB1, SLC6A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol

1. 3-(carbamoylamino)propanoate + H2O + 2 H(+) = beta-alanine + NH4(+) + CO2
2. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
3. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)

Catalysed by