N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine

Three steps

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. (9E)-octadecenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by ACER3, ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4 and 3 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. (9E)-octadecenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by ACER3, ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4 and 2 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. (9E)-octadecenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by ACER3, ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4 and 3 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. (9E)-octadecenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by ACER3, ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4 and 2 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. (9E)-octadecenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by ACER3, ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4 and 4 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. (9E)-octadecenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by ACER3, ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4 and 10 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[r] = oleate[r] + sphingosine[r]
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. transport of butyryl-CoA and L-carnitine (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by ACER3, SLC33A1, ESCO2, OXSMendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. (9E)-octadecenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by ACER3, ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4 and 10 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. (9E)-octadecenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by ACER3, ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4 and 5 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. (9E)-octadecenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by ACER3, ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4 and 10 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 13 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. (9E)-octadecenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by ACER3, ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4 and 5 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[r] = oleate[r] + sphingosine[r]
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (oleate)
  3. fatty acyl-CoA desaturase (N-C18:1CoA -> N-C18:2CoA)

  Catalysed by ACER3, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 17 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. (9E)-octadecenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by ACER3, ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4 and 10 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[r] = oleate[r] + sphingosine[r]
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (oleate)
  3. Beta Oxidation Fatty Acid

  Catalysed by ACER3, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 21 routes

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. (9E)-octadecenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by ACER3, ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4 and 2 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[r] = oleate[r] + sphingosine[r]
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoate + ATP + CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O

  Catalysed by ACER3, SLC27A2, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 7 moreendoplasmic reticulumOne of 20 routes

• 7,8-dihydrofolateReach from here →
  1. beta-D-glucosyl-N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4E-enine + cholesterol = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside
  2. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
  3. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, CH25H, MTO1

• 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. beta-D-glucosyl-N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4E-enine + cholesterol = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + cholesterol = cholesteryl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, LCAT, ENPP2 and 2 more

• a 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. dihydroxyacetone phosphate + an acyl-CoA = a 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, GNPATGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• O-acetyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[r] = oleate[r] + sphingosine[r]
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by ACER3, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, LPGAT1Golgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACER3, GLYATL3, GLYAT, GLYATL2Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• an N-acylsphing-4-enine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[r] = oleate[r] + sphingosine[r]
  2. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  3. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + ATP = an N-acylsphing-4-enine 1-phosphate + ADP + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACER3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-5-phosphate)Reach from here →
  1. beta-D-glucosyl-N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4E-enine + cholesterol = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside
  2. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate)(out) + cholesterol(in) = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate)(in) + cholesterol(out)
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate) + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-5-phosphate) + phosphate

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, OSBP2, OSBPL2 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. (9E)-octadecenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by ACER3, ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4 and 4 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. (9E)-octadecenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)

  Catalysed by ACER3, ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4 and 3 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[r] = oleate[r] + sphingosine[r]
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by ACER3, PAFAH2, PLA2G15endoplasmic reticulum

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol)Reach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, LCLAT1, MBOAT7Golgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + an acyl-CoA = a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4 and 1 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. (9E)-octadecenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)

  Catalysed by ACER3, ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4 and 2 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. (9E)-octadecenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)

  Catalysed by ACER3, ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4 and 3 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[r] = oleate[r] + sphingosine[r]
  2. L-phenylalanine + (9Z)-octadecenoate = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O
  3. L-phenylalanine + (9Z)-octadecenoate = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by ACER3, PM20D1endoplasmic reticulum

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. (9E)-octadecenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by ACER3, ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4 and 3 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[r] = oleate[r] + sphingosine[r]
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by ACER3, PAFAH2, PLA2G15endoplasmic reticulum

• phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[r] = oleate[r] + sphingosine[r]
  2. sphing-4-enine + ATP = sphing-4-enine 1-phosphate + ADP + H(+)
  3. sphing-4-enine 1-phosphate = (2E)-hexadecenal + phosphoethanolamine

  Catalysed by ACER3, SPHK2, SPHK1, SGPL1endoplasmic reticulum

• a 1-acyl-2-(9Z)-octadecenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[r] = oleate[r] + sphingosine[r]
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoate + ATP + CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA = a 1-acyl-2-(9Z)-octadecenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, SLC27A2, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 moreendoplasmic reticulum

• sn-glycero-3-phospho-1D-myo-inositolReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[r] = oleate[r] + sphingosine[r]
  2. 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + H2O = sn-glycero-3-phospho-1D-myo-inositol + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+)
  3. 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + H2O = sn-glycero-3-phospho-1D-myo-inositol + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACER3, ABHD12endoplasmic reticulum

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. (9E)-octadecenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by ACER3, ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4 and 5 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[r] = oleate[r] + sphingosine[r]
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by ACER3endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 15 routes

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, AGPAT2, GPAT3, GPAT2 and 10 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. (9E)-octadecenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ACER3, ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4 and 4 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. (9E)-octadecenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by ACER3, ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4 and 4 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. beta-D-glucosyl-N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4E-enine + cholesterol = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside
  2. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
  3. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + A = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + AH2

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, CH25H, ACAD10

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. (9E)-octadecenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by ACER3, ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4 and 8 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. (9E)-octadecenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by ACER3, ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4 and 5 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. (9E)-octadecenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)

  Catalysed by ACER3, ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4 and 10 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• Fe(II)-heme aReach from here →
  1. beta-D-glucosyl-N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4E-enine + cholesterol = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside
  2. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
  3. Fe(II)-heme o + 2 A + H2O = Fe(II)-heme a + 2 AH2

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, CH25H, COX15

• a cardiolipinReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. 1'-[1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho],3'-[1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-glycerol + an acyl-CoA = a cardiolipin + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, HADHAGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. (9E)-octadecenoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)

  Catalysed by ACER3, ACOT7, BAAT, THEM4 and 4 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• an all-trans-retinyl esterReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. all-trans-retinol + an acyl-CoA = an all-trans-retinyl ester + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, DGAT1, PNPLA4, AWAT2 and 1 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol