histamine

Three steps

• D-arginineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  3. D-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLC25A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• methylarsonateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GPX5, GPX1 and 9 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GPX5, GPX1 and 8 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, NDUFAB1, FDXR and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• fatty acidReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:37946Reach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. aryl sulfotransferase (dopamine)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SULT1A3, SULT1A4 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)
  3. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GLO1, GLOD4 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N-methylserotoninReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:amine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, INMTextracellular space, cytosol

• (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5-Hydroxytryptamine:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating)(flavin-containing)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, MAOA, MAOBextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. fatty acid amide hydrolase (2-arachidonoylglycerol)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, FAAHextracellular space, cytosol

• malonaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of prostaglandin H2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thromboxane A synthase (12(S)-HHT)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, TBXAS1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, DIO1, DIO3extracellular space, cytosol

• glycineReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of leukotriene C4 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 24 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + ATP + CoA = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, SLC27A2 and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• choloyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  3. cholate + ATP + CoA = choloyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC27A5extracellular space, cytosol

• 15-oxoprostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin E2 + NAD(+) = 15-oxoprostaglandin E2 + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, HPGDextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 15-oxoprostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E1 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate:NADP+ 15-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, CBR3 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 15-oxoprostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of prostaglandin D2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 15-dehydro-prostaglandin D2 reduction

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 15-oxo-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. (15S)-15-Hydroxy-5,8,11-cis-13-trans-icosatetraenoate:NADP+ 15-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GPX5, GPX1 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, ALOX5 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• thromboxane A2Reach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thromboxane A2 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 4 routes

• (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, ALOX15B and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, ALOX5extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  3. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLC7A6, ASLinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 4-guanidinobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  3. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by HDC, SLC7A6, GATMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-dopaReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-dopa + H(+) = dopamine + CO2

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, DDCextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 3-guanidinopropanoateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  3. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by HDC, SLC7A6, GATMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• D-ornithineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  3. D-ornithine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-ornithine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLC25A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GOT2, GOT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  3. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase

  Catalysed by HDC, SLC7A6, GATMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 21 routes

• L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 14 routes

• glutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  3. cholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = cholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, ABCC4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 16 routes

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  3. Transport of L-Kynurenine

  Catalysed by HDC, SLC7A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. carnosine + H2O = beta-alanine + L-histidine

  Catalysed by HDC, CARNS1, CNDP1

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glutathione gamma-glutamylaminopeptidase
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GGTLC3, GGT1 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 28 routes

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of asparagine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• taurocyamineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  3. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by HDC, SLC7A6, GATMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-glutamate 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  3. L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by HDC, SLC25A2, OATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Formation of Homocystine
  3. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, CBSextracellular space, cytosol

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GCLC, GCLMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine

  Catalysed by HDC, SLC7A8, PAHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLC25A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• anserineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. carnosine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = anserine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+)

  Catalysed by HDC, CARNS1, CARNMT1

• 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  3. L-arginine + O2 + H2O = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLC7A6, IL4I1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• S-sulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. 2 L-cysteine = S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, CARS2extracellular space, cytosol

• 5-amino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  3. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by HDC, SLC25A2, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• hyodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of lithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. cytochrome P450 (lithocholate)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, CYP3A4extracellular space, cytosol

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycineReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + H2O = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, FAAH and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol