beta-alanine

1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
2. 2-Methylbutyrylglycine Transport, Extracellular

Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC6A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
2. Peroxidase

Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, LPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC12A2, SLC12A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

Catalysed by AGXT2, SCLYcytosol

1. L-aspartate + H(+) = beta-alanine + CO2
2. K(+)(in) + L-aspartate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-aspartate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

Catalysed by GADL1, CSAD, SLC1A7, SLC1A3 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

1. L-aspartate + H(+) = beta-alanine + CO2
2. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

Catalysed by GADL1, CSAD, DARS1cytosol

1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC26A4extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
2. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

1. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine
2. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)

Catalysed by GATM, SLC25A2, SLC25A15inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

1. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine
2. D-lysine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-lysine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

Catalysed by GATM, SLC25A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

1. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine
2. L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (putrescine-forming)

Catalysed by GATM, ODC1cytosolOne of 3 routes

1. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine
2. D-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

Catalysed by GATM, SLC25A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

1. L-aspartate + H(+) = beta-alanine + CO2
2. carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + phosphate + H(+)

Catalysed by GADL1, CSAD, CAD

1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
2. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)

Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

Catalysed by AGXT2, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
2. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3

Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC6A9extracellular space, cytosolOne of 16 routes

1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
2. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

1. L-aspartate + H(+) = beta-alanine + CO2
2. L-Citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming)

Catalysed by GADL1, CSAD, ASS1cytosolOne of 2 routes

1. L-aspartate + H(+) = beta-alanine + CO2
2. IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming)

Catalysed by GADL1, CSAD, ADSS2, ADSS1cytosolOne of 2 routes

1. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
2. carnosine + H2O = beta-alanine + L-histidine

Catalysed by CARNS1, CNDP1One of 3 routes

1. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine
2. D-ornithine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-ornithine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

Catalysed by GATM, SLC25A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
2. Transport of Guanidinoacetic Acid

Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol

1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
2. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
2. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 13 routes

1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter

Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 10 routes

1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
2. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

Catalysed by AGXT2, KYNU

1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
2. Transport of L-Asparagine by Atb0 Transporter

Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 12 routes

1. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine
2. L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate

Catalysed by GATM, OAT

1. L-aspartate + H(+) = beta-alanine + CO2
2. N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H(+)

Catalysed by GADL1, CSAD, AGA

1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter

Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 12 routes

1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
2. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

Catalysed by AGXT2, KYNU

1. L-aspartate + H(+) = beta-alanine + CO2
2. L-tyrosine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tyrosine(in) + L-aspartate(out)

Catalysed by GADL1, CSAD, SLC7A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

Catalysed by AGXT2One of 4 routes

1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
2. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC1A4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

1. L-aspartate + H(+) = beta-alanine + CO2
2. 1-(5-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-carboxyimidazole:L-aspartate ligase (ADP-forming)

Catalysed by GADL1, CSAD, PAICScytosolOne of 2 routes

1. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
2. carnosine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = anserine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+)

Catalysed by CARNS1, CARNMT1

1. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine
2. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

Catalysed by GATM, AGXT2One of 2 routes

1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
2. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC6A12extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
2. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC1A4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

1. L-aspartate + H(+) = beta-alanine + CO2
2. transport of 3-sulfinoalanine and aspartate (cytosol to mitochondria)

Catalysed by GADL1, CSAD, SLC25A12, SLC25A13mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

Catalysed by AGXT2, GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS

1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate

Catalysed by AGXT2

1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
3. beta-carboline hydrolysis

Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol

1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
3. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by SLC6A6 and 3 more