nicotinate

Three steps

• S-methyl glutathioneReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + methylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-methyl glutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, MMACHCinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• indoxyl sulfateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. indoxyl sulfate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = indoxyl sulfate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• S-adenosylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + adenosylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-adenosylglutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, MMACHCinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• pyruvateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, LDHB, LDHAL6Binner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• all-trans-retinoic acidReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of L-lactate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• allantoinReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. 5-hydroxyisourate decarboxylation

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• nicotinic acid D-ribonucleotideReach from here →
  1. 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + nicotinate + ATP + H2O = nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + ADP + phosphate + diphosphate
  2. nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + CO2 + diphosphate = quinolinate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 2 H(+)
  3. Nicotinate-nucleotide:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase (carboxylating)

  Catalysed by NAPRT, QPRTcytosolOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:15842Reach from here →
  1. 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + nicotinate + ATP + H2O = nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + ADP + phosphate + diphosphate
  2. nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + CO2 + diphosphate = quinolinate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 2 H(+)
  3. Orotidine-5'-phosphate:diphosphate phospho-alpha-D-ribosyl-transferase

  Catalysed by NAPRT, QPRT, UMPScytosol

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. orotate(out) + nicotinate(in) = orotate(in) + nicotinate(out)
  2. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol
  3. (S)-dihydroorotate amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, DHODH, CADinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• nicotinic acidReach from here →
  1. 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + nicotinate + ATP + H2O = nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + ADP + phosphate + diphosphate
  2. beta-D-ribosylnicotinate + ATP = nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + ADP + H(+)
  3. Nicotinate D-ribonucleoside:orthophosphate ribosyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAPRT, NMRK2, NMRK1cytosol

• a halide anionReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GSTT4, GSTA4 and 21 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A6, SLC25A35 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• cyanamideReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. Peroxidase
  3. urea = cyanamide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, MPO, CA1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, nucleus

• orotic acidReach from here →
  1. orotate(out) + nicotinate(in) = orotate(in) + nicotinate(out)
  2. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol
  3. (S)-dihydroorotate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, DHODHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CNDP2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• ferrocytochrome cReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CYB5D1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17202Reach from here →
  1. 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + nicotinate + ATP + H2O = nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + ADP + phosphate + diphosphate
  2. nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + CO2 + diphosphate = quinolinate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 2 H(+)
  3. IMP:diphosphate phospho-D-ribosyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAPRT, QPRT, HPRT1cytosol

• itaconateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. itaconate + glutaryl-CoA = itaconyl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A8, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• dehydroascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  3. 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8,12-trihydroxy... conversion

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 18 routes

• 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A8, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• sulfiteReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, TSTD1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• hypoxanthineReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)
  3. hypoxanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, XDHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. orotate(out) + nicotinate(in) = orotate(in) + nicotinate(out)
  2. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol
  3. L-proline + a quinone = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, DHODH, PRODH, PRODH2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• an aldehydeReach from here →
  1. orotate(out) + nicotinate(in) = orotate(in) + nicotinate(out)
  2. orotate(out) + a carboxylate(in) = orotate(in) + a carboxylate(out)
  3. an aldehyde + O2 + H2O = a carboxylate + H2O2 + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, AOX1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• enol-oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. orotate(out) + nicotinate(in) = orotate(in) + nicotinate(out)
  2. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol
  3. (R)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, DHODH, SDHB, SDHAinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• methylarsonous acidReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GSTO1, GSTO2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• fumaric acidReach from here →
  1. orotate(out) + nicotinate(in) = orotate(in) + nicotinate(out)
  2. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol
  3. a quinone + succinate = fumarate + a quinol

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, DHODH, SDHBinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• xanthosineReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)
  3. xanthosine:orthophosphate ribosyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, XDH, PNPinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• arsenic triglutathioneReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. arsenic triglutathione + 3 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = trimethylarsine + 3 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, AS3MTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• superoxideReach from here →
  1. nicotinate + NADP(+) = NAADP(+) + nicotinamide
  2. NAADPH + O2 + H(+) = NAADP(+) + H2O2
  3. NAADPH + 2 O2 = NAADP(+) + 2 superoxide + H(+)

  Catalysed by CD38, DUOX2, DUOX1, NOX5

• 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(out) + glutarate(in) = 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A8, SLC22A24inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathione

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, MGST3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-sepiapterinReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. L-sepiapterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = L-sepiapterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + 2 glutathione = (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (17S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + 2 glutathione = (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. a hydroperoxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2 glutathione = a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (S)-lactoyl-AMPReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  3. (S)-lactate + ATP + H(+) = (S)-lactoyl-AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, AARS1, AARS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (S)-lactoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  3. (S)-lactate + ATP + CoA = (S)-lactoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ACSS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanalReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal + glutathione = 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanal

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GSTP1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SQORinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 14 routes

• iron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  3. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CYBRD1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular space

• L-ascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CLIC1, GSTO1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. glycocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ABCC4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• cholateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. cholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = cholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ABCC4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, TSTD1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane