O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine

Three steps

• a 1,3-diacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. a 1-acylglycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,3-diacylglycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, MOGAT2, MOGAT1peroxisome, cytosol

• a 1,2-diacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. a 2-acylglycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacylglycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• taurineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. fatty acid amide hydrolase (2-arachidonoylglycerol)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, FAAHperoxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+) = 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + H2O

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, DGAT1, LIPA and 3 moreperoxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• 16-hydroxyhexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. Fatty Acid Omega Oxidation (C16->W-Ohc16), Endoplasmatic Reticulum

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CYP4F2, CYP4F3peroxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, LPCAT4, LPCAT3 and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• glycineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 14 routes

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosol, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (2E)-butenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. transport of butyryl-CoA and L-carnitine (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. butanoyl-CoA:electron-transfer flavoprotein 2,3-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC33A1, ESCO2 and 3 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-oxohexadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C16->C14), Mitochondrial
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + H(+) = 3-oxohexadecanoyl-CoA + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, HADHA, ACADVL and 3 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 8 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• acryloyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Active Transport
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (propanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, ACADS, ACADSBperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + ATP + CoA = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 9 moreperoxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 8 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 16 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 8 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 14 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 8 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 19 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. (9Z)-octadecenoate + ATP + CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC27A2, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• prostaglandin F2alphaReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + glutarate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1B, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (arachidonate)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, PTGS1, PTGS2peroxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, ALOX5, ALOX15 and 1 moreperoxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, ALOX15B, ALOX15 and 1 moreperoxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, ALOX5peroxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• leukotriene A4Reach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = leukotriene A4 + H2O

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, ALOX5peroxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• (13S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. Linoleate:oxygen 13-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, ALOX15B, ALOX15peroxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• a 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. 1-hexadecanoylglycerone 3-phosphate + a long-chain fatty acid = a 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphate + hexadecanoate

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, GNPAT, AGPSperoxisomeOne of 2 routes

• sn-glycerol 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase (palmitoyl-CoA)
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + hexadecanoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, GPAT3, GPAT2 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• ethanolamineReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + L-serine = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + ethanolamine

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1B, LPGAT1 and 1 more

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, LPGAT1peroxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, GLYATL3, GLYAT and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Transport of Guanidinoacetic Acid

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC6A14peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosol

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 4 moreperoxisome, cytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 4 routes

• sphinganineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating)
  3. sphinganine + NADP(+) = 3-oxosphinganine + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SPTLC1, SPTLC2 and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol)Reach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, LCLAT1, MBOAT7peroxisome, cytosol

• dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1B, SLC22A8 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC6A14peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC6A14, SLC6A6peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + an acyl-CoA = a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, GPAT3, GPAT2 and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC6A14peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes