(S)-carnitine

Two steps

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  2. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, LPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• octadecanoateReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. Fas180

  No catalyst recordedendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC12A2, SLC12A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamineReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. fatty acylamide amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by FAAHendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ACSM4 and 5 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ACAA1 and 2 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A4extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. Active Transport
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by ACOT7mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of butyryl-CoA and L-carnitine (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. Butyryl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, ESCO2, OXSM, ACOT12mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  2. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• fatty acidReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  No catalyst recordedendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 28 routes

• taurineReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, BAATcytosolOne of 4 routes

• 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. fatty acid amide hydrolase (2-arachidonoylglycerol)

  Catalysed by FAAHendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+) = 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + H2O

  Catalysed by DGAT1, LIPA, PNPLA4, LIPE and 1 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• 16-hydroxyhexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. Fatty Acid Omega Oxidation (C16->W-Ohc16), Endoplasmatic Reticulum

  Catalysed by CYP4F2, CYP4F3endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycineReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, GLYAT and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 13 routes

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ALDH6A1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ACP2cytosol, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (2E)-butenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of butyryl-CoA and L-carnitine (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. butanoyl-CoA:electron-transfer flavoprotein 2,3-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, ESCO2, OXSM, ACADS and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ACAA1 and 1 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 8 routes

• acryloyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Active Transport
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (propanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by ACADS, ACADSBmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + ATP + CoA = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 7 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 13 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1BcytosolOne of 2 routes

• hexadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1Bperoxisome

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SUCLG1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 18 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 11 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, CROTcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 23 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoate + ATP + CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL3, ACSL1, ACSBG2 and 4 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1BcytosolOne of 5 routes

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 6 morecytosolOne of 15 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (arachidonate)

  Catalysed by PTGS1, PTGS2endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by ALOX5, ALOX15, ALOX12endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by ALOX15B, ALOX15, ALOX12endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by ALOX5endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• leukotriene A4Reach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = leukotriene A4 + H2O

  Catalysed by ALOX5endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• (13S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. Linoleate:oxygen 13-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ALOX15B, ALOX15endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  2. Transport of Guanidinoacetic Acid

  Catalysed by SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ASAH1 and 3 morecytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SAT1 and 1 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  2. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC6A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes