kynurenate

Three steps

• glycine betaineReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. glycine betaine(out) + (R)-carnitine(in) = glycine betaine(in) + (R)-carnitine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, SLC22A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A6, TPH1, TPH2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(3-sulfo-beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(out) + glutarate(in) = 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate) + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(3-sulfo-beta-D-glucuronate) + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A24, CHST10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• butanoateReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. butanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in) = butanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• fumaric acidReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. transport of fumarate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC25A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-hydroxyisourateReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. urate:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• O-octanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. octanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-octanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, CPT2, CRAT and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• O-butanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. butanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-butanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, CRATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• folic acidReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. Folate Transport by Oats

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC22A7inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-oneReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. 3beta-Hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A24, SLC22A8, STSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• O-decanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. decanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-decanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, CPT2, CRATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC26A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• D-aspartateReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC25A14 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC25A14 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• oxalateReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC25A14 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• maleateReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. maleate(in) + sulfate(out) = maleate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC25A14 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. transport of malonate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC25A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (2R,3R)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. (2R,3R)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (2R,3R)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC25A14 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (S,S)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. (S,S)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (S,S)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC25A14 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3R)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. (3R)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3R)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC25A14 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3S)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. (3S)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3S)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC25A14 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• pentanoateReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. pentanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out) = pentanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• nicotinateReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, SLC22A12, SLC22A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. thiosulfate(in) + sulfate(out) = thiosulfate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC25A14 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, SLC22A12inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 1-O-(1,2-saturated-alkyl)-sn-glycerol + (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = a 1-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-sn-glycerol + (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterin + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A6, AGMOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• O-propanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. propanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-propanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, CRATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• succinyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  3. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• glycineReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A6, GLYATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (2E)-butenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  3. glutaryl-CoA:electron-transfer flavoprotein 2,3-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SUGCT, GCDHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-glutaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  3. glutaryl-CoA + O2 = (2E)-glutaconyl-CoA + H2O2

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SUGCT, ACOX1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• benzoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A6, GLYATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  3. itaconate + glutaryl-CoA = itaconyl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• 15-oxoprostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. prostaglandin E2(out) + glutarate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. prostaglandin E2 + NAD(+) = 15-oxoprostaglandin E2 + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, HPGDinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. prostaglandin E2(out) + glutarate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. prostaglandin E synthase (prostaglandin E2)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, PTGES, PTGES3 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 4 routes

• prostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + glutarate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. aldo-keto reductase (prostaglandin D2)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, AKR1C3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• L-dopaReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A6, THinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• O-acetyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. (R)-carnitine + acetyl-CoA = O-acetyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, CRATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• N-sulfo-D-glucosamineReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SGSHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• glutathioneReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A24, SLC22A8, ABCC4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• adenosine 5'-phosphosulfateReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. ATP:sulfate adenylyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC25A35, SLC25A34, PAPSS1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A6, PAHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetateReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. Transport of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetate

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC4A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• methyl (indol-3-yl)acetateReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. (indol-3-yl)acetate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (indol-3-yl)acetate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(indol-3-yl)acetate O-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A6, COMT, LRTOMTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• CHEBI:730073Reach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, MPOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, nucleusOne of 3 routes

• a 1-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-sn-glycerolReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 1-O-(1,2-saturated-alkyl)-sn-glycerol + (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = a 1-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-sn-glycerol + (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterin + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A6, AGMOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• hexanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  3. hexanedioate + glutaryl-CoA = hexanedioyl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• O-dodecanoyl-R-carnitineReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. dodecanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-dodecanoyl-R-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, CPT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• O-tetradecanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-tetradecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, CPT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane