4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid

Three steps

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, AGXT2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA N-formyltransferase

  Catalysed by TAT, MARS1, MTFMTcytosolOne of 3 routes

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, CARS2cytosol, extracellular space

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, HADHA, ACAA2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 3-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by TAT, CDKAL1, DIO1, DIO3cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 3-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 3-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by TAT, CDKAL1, DIO1, DIO3cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• 3'-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 3'-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by TAT, CDKAL1, DIO1, DIO2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by TAT, CDKAL1, DIO3cytosol

• thyronamineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. thyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by TAT, CDKAL1, DIO3cytosol

• 3'-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 3'-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by TAT, CDKAL1, DIO1, DIO2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,3'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 3,3'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by TAT, CDKAL1, DIO1, DIO2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3',5'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by TAT, CDKAL1, DIO3cytosol

• 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by TAT, CDKAL1, DIO3cytosol

• L-homocysteine thiolactoneReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)
  3. L-homocysteine + ATP = L-homocysteine thiolactone + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by TAT, BHMT2, MARS1cytosol

• L-homocysteinyl-AMPReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)
  3. L-homocysteine + ATP + H(+) = L-homocysteinyl-AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by TAT, BHMT2, MARS1cytosol

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, HADHA, ACADVL and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, HADHA, ACADVL and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, ECHS1, ACAA2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, ECHS1, ACAA2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, GLYAT, GLYATL2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC6A14, LPOcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC6A14, SLC12A2, SLC12A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, GLYATcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 5-hydroxytryptophanReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of methionine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan, Tetrahydrobiopterin:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (5-Hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. LTD4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, ACAA1, SCP2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, SCLYcytosol, extracellular space

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, NAGScytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, SLC1A1cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, CARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of methionine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, FARSB, FARSAcytosol, extracellular space

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, GARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  3. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A13, DARS1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• Trp-tRNA(Trp)Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of methionine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, WARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of isoleucine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, IARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glutamine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, QARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of citrulline and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A6, LACC1cytosol, extracellular space

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of asparagine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, NARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• hydrogenselenideReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)

  Catalysed by TAT, CDKAL1, SCLYcytosol

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, BAATcytosol, extracellular space, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, CTHcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:30249Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of methionine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, IDO1, TDO2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC6A14, SLC26A4cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• L-lysineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of leucine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A7cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• D-lysineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of methionine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-lysine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-lysine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A6, SLC25A2cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes