glycolate

Three steps

• propanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate + NADP(+) = glyoxylate + NADPH + H(+)
  2. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
  3. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 15 routes

• sarcosineReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, PIPOXcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, SHMT1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL3 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• dGMPReach from here →
  1. N(2)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxoethyl)-dGTP + H2O = dGTP + glycolate + H(+)
  2. N(2)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxoethyl)-dGTP + H2O = dGTP + glycolate + H(+)
  3. dGTP + H2O = dGMP + diphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by PARK7, NUDT15

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, MPSTcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, GATMcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, ASAH1, ACER2 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SAT1, SAT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, SLC7A5cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 9 routes

• L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, SLC7A5cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 7 routes

• glutathioneReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, GSScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. glycolate + NADP(+) = glyoxylate + NADPH + H(+)
  2. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  3. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT2, SDS, SDSL

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, SLC3A2 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 25 routes

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, SLC7A5cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, AADATcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, ASAH1, ACER2 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, HADHA, ACAA2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (3S)-citramalyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, CLYBLcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-2-aminoadipateReach from here →
  1. glycolate + NADP(+) = glyoxylate + NADPH + H(+)
  2. L-2-aminoadipate + glyoxylate = 2-oxoadipate + glycine
  3. 2-oxoadipate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminoadipate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AADAT

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, SLC27A5cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, SLC27A5cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycineReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 2-hydroxy-4-methylvaleric acidReach from here →
  1. glycolate + NADP(+) = glyoxylate + NADPH + H(+)
  2. L-leucine + glyoxylate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate reduction

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AADAT, SDR42E2, AKR1B15 and 16 morecytosol

• N-benzoylglycineReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, CPT1A, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• CHEBI:63544Reach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (adrenic acid)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• hexacosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• tetracosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 10 routes

• docosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• (2E)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearidonic acid)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (EPA)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DPA)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (linolenate)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• (13Z)-docosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-erucic acid)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• (11Z)-eicosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-gondoic acid)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• (9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-TPA)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-THA)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• (15Z)-tetracosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nervonic acid)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• (17Z)-hexacosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (ximenic acid)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes