CHEBI:29052

Three steps

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. glycerone-phosphate phosphate-lyase (methylglyoxal-forming)
  2. 2-Oxopropanal:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by AGXT2cytosol

• D-xylulose 5-phosphateReach from here →
  1. D-Fructose 6-phosphate:D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glycolaldehyde transferase
  2. D-Ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase
  3. D-ribulose 5-phosphate = D-xylulose 5-phosphate

  Catalysed by TKT, TKTL1, TKTL2, RPEL1 and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, ASAH1, ACER2 and 2 morecytosol, peroxisome, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SAT1, SAT2cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, NAGScytosol, peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• glutathioneReach from here →
  1. glycerone-phosphate phosphate-lyase (methylglyoxal-forming)
  2. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)
  3. (R)-S-lactoylglutathione + H2O = (R)-lactate + glutathione + H(+)

  Catalysed by GLO1, GLOD4, HAGHcytosol

• 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactoneReach from here →
  1. sedoheptulose-7-phosphate:D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glyceronetransferase
  2. D-glucose-6-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  3. D-glucose-6-phosphate:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by TALDO1, GPI, G6PDcytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPATcytosol, peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 19 routes

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, NAGScytosol, peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• IMPReach from here →
  1. transketolase (D-xylulose-5-phosphate)
  2. ATP:D-ribose-5-phosphate diphosphotransferase
  3. IMP + diphosphate = hypoxanthine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

  Catalysed by TKT, TKTL1, TKTL2, PRPS2 and 3 morecytosol

• glycerol 2-phosphateReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase
  3. Formation of Glycerol-3-Phosphate

  Catalysed by TPI1, GPD1, GPD1Lcytosol

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, NAGScytosol, peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase
  2. deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase
  3. phosphoethanolamine + H2O = acetaldehyde + NH4(+) + phosphate

  Catalysed by DERA, ETNPPLcytosol

• alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
  2. 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate:alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate 6-phosphotransferase
  3. alpha-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate + L-seryl-[protein] = O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein] + alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate

  Catalysed by GAPDHS, GAPDH, PGM2L1, PGM1 and 1 morecytosol

• aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphateReach from here →
  1. D-Fructose 6-phosphate:D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glycolaldehyde transferase
  2. D-Ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase
  3. aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-ribulose 5-phosphate

  Catalysed by TKT, TKTL1, TKTL2, RPEL1 and 2 morecytosol

• (2R)-2-phosphoglycerateReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
  2. ATP:3-phospho-D-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase
  3. D-phosphoglycerate 2,3-phosphomutase

  Catalysed by GAPDHS, GAPDH, PGK1, PGK2 and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• CDP-glycerolReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase
  3. CDPglycerol phosphoglycerohydrolase

  Catalysed by TPI1, GPD1, GPD1L, ADPRMcytosol

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, ASAH1, ACER2 and 2 morecytosol, peroxisome, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. sedoheptulose-7-phosphate:D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glyceronetransferase
  2. D-glucose-6-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  3. 1D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate lyase (isomerizing)

  Catalysed by TALDO1, GPI, ISYNA1cytosol

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, HADHA, ACAA2 and 1 morecytosol, peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
  2. 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate:alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate 6-phosphotransferase
  3. O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein] + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = alpha-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate + L-seryl-[protein]

  Catalysed by GAPDHS, GAPDH, PGM2L1, PGM1 and 1 morecytosol

• (3S)-citramalyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycerone-phosphate phosphate-lyase (methylglyoxal-forming)
  2. 2-Oxopropanal:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by CLYBLcytosol

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SLC27A2, SLC27A5cytosol, peroxisome, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamineReach from here →
  1. transketolase (D-xylulose-5-phosphate)
  2. ATP:D-ribose-5-phosphate diphosphotransferase
  3. phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (glutamine)

  Catalysed by TKT, TKTL1, TKTL2, PRPS2 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-amino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. glycerone-phosphate phosphate-lyase (methylglyoxal-forming)
  2. 2-Oxopropanal:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by AGXT2cytosol

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SLC27A2, SLC27A5cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 4 routes

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 11 routes

• (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. glycerone-phosphate phosphate-lyase (methylglyoxal-forming)
  2. 2-Oxopropanal:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by HOGA1cytosol

• 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, CPT1A, CPT1Bcytosol, peroxisome

• 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphateReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
  2. D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD(+) = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + NADH + H(+)
  3. 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + acetaldehyde

  Catalysed by GAPDHS, GAPDH, DERAcytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:63544Reach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (adrenic acid)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• hexacosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 5 routes

• tetracosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 10 routes

• docosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 9 routes

• (2E)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearidonic acid)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 8 routes

• (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. glycerone-phosphate phosphate-lyase (methylglyoxal-forming)
  2. 2-Oxopropanal:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by HOGA1cytosol

• 1-dodecanoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase
  3. glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase (lauroyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GPD1, GPD1L, GPAT3 and 3 morecytosol

• 1-tetradecanoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase
  3. glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase (myristoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GPD1, GPD1L, GPAT3 and 3 morecytosol

• a 1-O-alkylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. Acyl-CoA:glycerone-phosphate O-acyltransferase
  3. alkylglycerone phosphate synthase (acylglycerone-phosphate)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, AGPScytosol, peroxisome

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (EPA)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 9 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DPA)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 6 routes

• (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (linolenate)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• (13Z)-docosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-erucic acid)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 6 routes

• (11Z)-eicosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-gondoic acid)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• (9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-TPA)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 5 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-THA)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 4 routes

• (15Z)-tetracosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
  2. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nervonic acid)

  Catalysed by TPI1, GNPAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 6 routes