all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

465 compounds within 3 steps: 20 in 1, 54 in 2, 391 in 3

Three steps

a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerolReach from here →
1. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
3. a 2-acylglycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + CoA
Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 7 morecytosolOne of 3 routes
a triacylglycerolReach from here →
1. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
3. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 9 morecytosol
CHEBI:17895Reach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
3. transport of cysteine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
Catalysed by PTGS2, MOCOS, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes
all-trans-retinalReach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
3. retinol: NADP+ oxidoreductase
Catalysed by PTGS2, RETSAT, DHRS3, RDH10 and 4 morecytosolOne of 6 routes
CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
1. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
2. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA hydrolase
3. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 morecytosol
CHEBI:18019Reach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
3. transport of cysteine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
Catalysed by PTGS2, MOCOS, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes
a diacylglycerolReach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
3. a triacylglycerol + all-trans-retinol = an all-trans-retinyl ester + a diacylglycerol
Catalysed by PTGS2, RETSAT, PNPLA4, PNPLA2
L-glutamineReach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
3. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
Catalysed by PTGS2, MOCOS, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes
(2E,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
2. Beta Oxidation of Long Chain Fatty Acid
3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoA + O2 = (2E,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosahexaenoyl-CoA + H2O2
Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 13 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix
11-cis-retinyl esterReach from here →
1. 11-peroxy-docosahexaenoate to DHA conversion
2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
3. 11-cis-retinol + a fatty acyl-CoA = 11-cis-retinyl ester + CoA
Catalysed by DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1, AWAT2 and 1 morecytosol
(5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
1. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + O2 = (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate
Catalysed by ALOX5cytosol, extracellular space
3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
3. 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + AH2
Catalysed by PTGS2, AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO3
5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. (R)-malate + A = oxaloacetate + AH2
3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
Catalysed by PTGS2, D2HGDH, AGXT2
(6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. N(6),N(6)-dimethyl-L-lysyl(4)-[histone H3] + 2 A + 2 H2O = L-lysyl(4)-[histone H3] + 2 formaldehyde + 2 AH2
3. formaldehyde to 5,10-methylene-THF conversion
Catalysed by PTGS2, KDM1A, KDM1Bcytosol
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
3. 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
Catalysed by PTGS2, MTO1, DHFR, DHFR2cytosolOne of 3 routes
S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
3. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
Catalysed by PTGS2, MOCOS, CARS2
(5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
2. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA hydrolase
3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)
Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 9 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes
O-[(5Z),(8Z),(11Z),(14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-beta-D-glucuronateReach from here →
1. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = O-[(5Z),(8Z),(11Z),(14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-beta-D-glucuronate + UDP
Catalysed by UGT1A9, UGT2B7, UGT1A6, UGT1A1 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular space
3-iodothyronamineReach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
3. 3-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodothyronamine + AH2
Catalysed by PTGS2, AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO1 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes
(11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
1. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
2. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA hydrolase
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)
Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 morecytosolOne of 6 routes
3-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
3. 3-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2
Catalysed by PTGS2, AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO1 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes
(7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
2. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA hydrolase
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)
Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 morecytosolOne of 9 routes
3'-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
3. 3'-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2
Catalysed by PTGS2, AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO1 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes
L-thyronineReach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
3. L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodo-L-thyronine + AH2
Catalysed by PTGS2, AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO3
thyronamineReach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
3. thyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodothyronamine + AH2
Catalysed by PTGS2, AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO3
3'-iodothyronamineReach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
3. 3'-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + AH2
Catalysed by PTGS2, AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO1 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes
3,3'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
3. 3,3'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2
Catalysed by PTGS2, AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO1 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes
3',5'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
3. 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2
Catalysed by PTGS2, AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO3
3,3',5'-triiodothyronamineReach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
3. 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyronamine + AH2
Catalysed by PTGS2, AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO3
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
2. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA hydrolase
3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial
Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 9 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes
(7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
2. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA hydrolase
3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial
Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 9 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix
(4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
2. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA hydrolase
3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial
Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 9 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes
(5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
2. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA hydrolase
3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial
Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 9 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes
NAADPHReach from here →
1. 11-peroxy-docosahexaenoate to DHA conversion
2. 11-peroxy-docosahexaenoate to DHA conversion
3. NAADPH + 2 O2 = NAADP(+) + 2 superoxide + H(+)
Catalysed by NOX5cytosol
N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamineReach from here →
1. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
3. fatty acylamide amidohydrolase
Catalysed by FAAHcytosol, extracellular space
folic acidReach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
3. dihydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
Catalysed by PTGS2, MTO1, DHFR, DHFR2cytosolOne of 2 routes
CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
1. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
2. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA hydrolase
3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)
Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 12 morecytosolOne of 6 routes
dodecanalReach from here →
1. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
3. 2 H+[r] + lauric acid[r] + NADH[r] = H2O[r] + NAD+[r] + dodecanal[r]
Catalysed by ALDH3A2cytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes
CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
1. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
2. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA hydrolase
3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 9 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes
a fatty acidReach from here →
1. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
2. N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
3. an N-acylsphinganine + H2O = sphinganine + a fatty acid
Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 morecytosol
N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
Catalysed by PTGS2, MOCOS, NAGSmitochondrial matrix
K(+)Reach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
Catalysed by PTGS2, MOCOS, SLC1A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes
Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)
Catalysed by PTGS2, MOCOS, CARS1cytosol
chlorine(.)Reach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
3. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
Catalysed by PTGS2, MOCOS, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes
hydrogenselenideReach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
3. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
Catalysed by PTGS2, AIFM1, PYROXD1, SCLY
hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
Catalysed by PTGS2, MOCOS, CTHcytosolOne of 2 routes
L-aspartateReach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. (R)-malate + A = oxaloacetate + AH2
3. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
Catalysed by PTGS2, D2HGDH, GOT2mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes
citric acidReach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. (R)-malate + A = oxaloacetate + AH2
3. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
Catalysed by PTGS2, D2HGDH, CSmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes
4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acidReach from here →
1. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
2. (R)-malate + A = oxaloacetate + AH2
3. D-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
Catalysed by PTGS2, D2HGDH, GOT2mitochondrial matrix
an N-acyl-(4R)-4-hydroxysphinganineReach from here →
1. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
2. N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
3. dihydroceramide,ferrocytochrome b5:oxygen oxidoreductase (C4-hydroxylating)
Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes