acetylcholine

Three steps

• N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate
  3. N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, AMDHD2, PGM3cytosol

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate
  3. N8-acetylspermidine to spermidine conversion

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, HDAC10cytosolOne of 5 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 16 routes

• a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, ASAH1, PLA2G15cytosol

• L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC5A7, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• glutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  3. cholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = cholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1A2, ABCC4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 16 routes

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC5A7, SLC6A6 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 39 routes

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC5A7, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 8 routes

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, ASAH1, PLA2G15cytosol

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GCLC, GCLMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, ASAH1 and 3 morecytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• cadaverineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. N-acetylcadaverine + H2O = cadaverine + acetate
  3. N-acetylcadaverine + H2O = cadaverine + acetate

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, HDAC10cytosol

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, HADHA and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• S-sulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. 2 L-cysteine = S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, CARS2extracellular space, cytosol

• N(tau)-methylhistamineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:histamine N-tele-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1A2, HNMTextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (3S)-citramalyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, SLC27A2 and 1 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• an S-substituted L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate
  3. an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, ACY3cytosol

• D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate
  3. D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, AMDHD2, GNPNAT1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CDP-cholineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. phosphocholine + H2O = choline + phosphate
  3. phosphocholine + CTP + H(+) = CDP-choline + diphosphate

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, PHOSPHO1, PCYT1A and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-amino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, SLC27A2 and 1 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• hyodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of lithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. cytochrome P450 (lithocholate)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1A2, CYP3A4extracellular space, cytosol

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + H2O = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, FAAH, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

• N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, PPCSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• monodehydro-L-ascorbate radicalReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1A2, DBHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• 4-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC5A7, SLC6A12cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• 3-sulfino-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, CDO1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, ACSM4 and 5 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, CPT1A and 2 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 11 routes

• (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, CPT1A and 1 morecytosol

• chenodeoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (chenodiol)
  3. chenodeoxycholate + ATP + CoA = chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1A2, SLC27A5extracellular space, cytosol

• leukotriene D4Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of leukotriene C4 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. leukotriene C4 + H2O = leukotriene D4 + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, GGT1, GGT5extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:63544Reach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (adrenic acid)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• 18-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. cytochrome P450 (arachidonate)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, CYP4F8extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, ASAH1, PLA2G15cytosol

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, ASAH1, PLA2G15cytosol

• 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, ASAH1, PLA2G15cytosol

• hexacosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• tetracosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 10 routes

• docosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
  3. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + A = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + AH2

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHDH, ACAD10cytosol

• a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, ASAH1, PLA2G15cytosol

• a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, ASAH1, PLA2G15cytosol

• 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate
  3. phosphoglucomutase (N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, AMDHD2, PGM3cytosol