glutarate

Three steps

• 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. glycine-N-acyltransferase (3-methylcrotonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• isovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (isovalerylglycine)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• arachidonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. Arachidonate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 8 morecytosolOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:15519Reach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 3 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• palmitoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 8 morecytosolOne of 15 routes

• oleoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1BcytosolOne of 11 routes

• phenylacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. Phenylacetate:CoA ligase

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1BcytosolOne of 3 routes

• propionyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 3 morecytosolOne of 43 routes

• (S)-malateReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, STS and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 32 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• allantoinReach from here →
  1. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  2. urate:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. 5-hydroxyisourate decarboxylation

  Catalysed by SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 morecytosol

• butanalReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. butanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in) = butanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out)
  3. butanal + NAD(+) + H2O = butanoate + NADH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, SLC22A9 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• CHEBI:15746Reach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 2 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• malonateReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. malonate(in) + sulfate(out) = malonate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, STS and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• bromideReach from here →
  1. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)
  3. 2-bromoacetaldehyde:glutathione S-(formylmethyl)transferase

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3 and 17 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• a halide anionReach from here →
  1. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, ABCC4, GSTT4 and 22 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 11-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 5 morecytosol

• lithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of lithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, SLCO1B1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• androst-4-ene-3,17-dioneReach from here →
  1. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. 3beta-Hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. 3beta-Hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase/delta5-delta-4 isomerase

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, STS, HSD3B1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 morecytosol

• 17beta-estradiolReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. Estradiol-17beta:NADP+ 17-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, STS and 7 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• quinolinic acidReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. Transport of Quinolinic Acid

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, STS and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• cyanamideReach from here →
  1. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  2. Peroxidase
  3. urea = cyanamide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, MPO, CA1, CA2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, nucleus

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E2(out) + glutarate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. prostaglandin E2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLCO2A1, CNDP2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• ferrocytochrome cReach from here →
  1. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A12, CYB5D1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• bilirubin IXalphaReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of bilirubin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, SLCO1B1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. transport of oxalate and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, STS and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular space

• (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
  1. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A12, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• nicotinamideReach from here →
  1. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  2. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  3. nicotinate + NADP(+) = NAADP(+) + nicotinamide

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CD38inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 17alpha-estradiolReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. 17alpha-estradiol + NADP(+) = estrone + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, STS and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• taurolithocholateReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, SLCO1B1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• homocysteineReach from here →
  1. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)
  3. Formation of Homocystine

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• succinyl-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  3. succinyl-CoA + H2O = succinyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, NUDT19, NUDT7, NUDT8

• dehydroascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  3. 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8,12-trihydroxy... conversion

  Catalysed by SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 18 routes

• anilineReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. Acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 2 morecytosol

• CHEBI:17312Reach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1BcytosolOne of 2 routes

• sulfiteReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. sulfite(in) + sulfate(out) = sulfite(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, STS and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• hypoxanthineReach from here →
  1. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  2. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)
  3. hypoxanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, XDHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. Steryl-Sulfatase

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, STSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:3->C16:3), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• CHEBI:17724Reach from here →
  1. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  2. glycine betaine(out) + (R)-carnitine(in) = glycine betaine(in) + (R)-carnitine(out)
  3. Trimethylaminoacetate:L-homosysteine S-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A5, BHMT, BHMT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• methylarsonous acidReach from here →
  1. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, ABCC4, GSTO1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol

• fumaric acidReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. transport of fumarate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, STS and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• xanthosineReach from here →
  1. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  2. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)
  3. xanthosine:orthophosphate ribosyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, XDH, PNPinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• arsenic triglutathioneReach from here →
  1. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. arsenic triglutathione + 3 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = trimethylarsine + 3 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, ABCC4, AS3MTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathione

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, ABCC4, MGST3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoateReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E2(out) + glutarate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. prostaglandin E2(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes