acetate

Three steps

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• kynurenateReach from here →
  1. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and acetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A1 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-3-amino-isobutanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• phosphoenolpyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-methionine (S)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• L-methionine (R)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 4-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, SLC26A4 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (2S)-2-phospholactateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. (2S)-2-phospholactate + H2O = (S)-lactate + phosphate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 1-acyl-2-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-acyl-2-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, LPCAT3

• L-prolineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• sphing-4-enine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. sphing-4-enine + ATP = sphing-4-enine 1-phosphate + ADP + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, SPHK2, SPHK1

• prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin E2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• 1,2-di-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. 2 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1,2-di-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, ASPG

• L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 8 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphateReach from here →
  1. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)
  3. 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + acetaldehyde

  Catalysed by CYP17A1, DERAendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• dTMPReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. DTDP Diphosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PAFAH2

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, ASPGOne of 4 routes

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycerolReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = a 1-acyl-sn-glycerol + phosphocholine + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, ENPP6

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)
  3. 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, LCLAT1, LPCAT1 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes

• sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine
  3. 2 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) = 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(3'-octadecanoyl-1'-sn-glycerol) + sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, CLN5One of 2 routes

• 1'-[1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho],3'-[1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-glycerolReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. 1'-[1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho],3'-[1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-glycerol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = a cardiolipin + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, TAFAZZIN

• sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine + H2O = sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + octadecanoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, ABHD12One of 2 routes

• a 1-acyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol)Reach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = a 1-acyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, ASPG

• a 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = a 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, ENPP2One of 2 routes

• Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 1-O-hexadecyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-hexadecyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, PLA2G4COne of 2 routes

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1-octadecanoyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, LPGAT1

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA = 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, LPCAT4, LCLAT1

• N-dodecanoylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-dodecanoylsphing-4-enine + H2O = dodecanoate + sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, NAAA, ACER2, ASAH2

• N-tetradecanoylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-tetradecanoylsphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + tetradecanoate

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ASAH2

• N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. sphing-4-enine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CERS6, TLCD3B, CERS5 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes

• N-octadecanoylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. sphing-4-enine + octadecanoyl-CoA = N-octadecanoylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CERS1, TLCD3B, CERS2 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes

• N-eicosanoyl-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + sphing-4-enine = N-eicosanoyl-sphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, TLCD3B, CERS2

• N-tetracosanoyl-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. tetracosanoyl-CoA + sphing-4-enine = N-tetracosanoyl-sphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CERS2

• 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, PRDX6, LPCAT3 and 1 moreOne of 6 routes

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, LPCAT3

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, LPCAT3, MBOAT1 and 3 moreOne of 3 routes

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, LPCAT3, MBOAT2 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, LPCAT3, MBOAT7One of 2 routes

• 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, ASPG, PLA2G4COne of 3 routes

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, MBOAT1, MBOAT2One of 2 routes

• CHEBI:730073Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, nucleusOne of 3 routes

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, LPCAT3

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z)-hexadecenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z)-hexadecenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, MBOAT2

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, LPCAT3, MBOAT2

• (2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and acetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A1 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• N-(15Z-tetracosenoyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(15Z-tetracosenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = (15Z)-tetracosenoate + sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2

• N-(tetracosenoyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. tetracosenoyl-CoA + sphing-4-enine = N-(tetracosenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CERS2