O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine

Three steps

• 2-methylcrotonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Production of Tiglylcarnitine

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• isobutyryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4-methyl-pentanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. glycine-N-acyltransferase (3-methylcrotonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• isovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (isovalerylglycine)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• arachidonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Arachidonate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 8 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 15 routes

• CHEBI:15519Reach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• oleoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosolOne of 18 routes

• phenylacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Phenylacetate:CoA ligase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-leucineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC6A14peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 12(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. arachidonate:oxygen 12-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, ALOX12peroxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 15(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. arachidonate:oxygen 15-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, ALOX15B, ALOX15peroxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 5(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. Arachidonate:oxygen 5-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, ALOX5peroxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 32 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• CHEBI:15746Reach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. Acyl-CoA:glycerone-phosphate O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, GNPATperoxisome, cytosol

• CHEBI:15971Reach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC6A14peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosol

• phosphatidylethanolamineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, LPCAT4, LPCAT3 and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+)Reach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, LPCAT4, LPCAT3 and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• cholesterolReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. sphing-4-enine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  3. beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1B, CERS6 and 4 more

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC6A14, SLC26A6peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosol

• 11-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• phosphatidic acidReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 2-O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, AGPAT2, LCLAT1 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• iodideReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC6A14, SLC26A4peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosol

• L-valineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride and valine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC6A14peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• L-arginineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC6A14peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16566Reach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating)
  3. Sphinganine:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SPTLC1, SPTLC2 and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• 2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol)Reach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + CoA
  3. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + H2O = 2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + hexadecanoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1B, LCLAT1 and 1 more

• CHEBI:16856Reach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1Aperoxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16857Reach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Transport of L-Threonine by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC6A14peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosol

• sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA
  3. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2 H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine + 2 hexadecanoate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1B, PRDX6 and 3 more

• 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase (palmitoyl-CoA)
  3. 1-acylglycerol-3P-LD-TG1 pool (liver tissue) formation

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, GPAT3, GPAT2 and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC6A14, SLC26A6peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosol

• a cholesterol esterReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase
  3. cholesterol-ester plasma pool to cholesterol-ester-10,13,16,19-docosa conversion

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SOAT2, SOAT1peroxisome, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 4 routes

• L-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC6A14peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17203Reach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC6A14, CLTRN and 1 moreperoxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• S-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. palmitoyl-CoA desaturase (N-C16:0CoA -> N-C16:1CoA)
  3. (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SCD, NUDT19peroxisome, cytosol

• itaconateReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. itaconate + glutaryl-CoA = itaconyl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1B, SLC22A8 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N-octadecanoyl-heptadecasphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. fatty-acyl-CoA synthase (N-C18:0CoA)
  3. heptadecasphing-4-enine + octadecanoyl-CoA = N-octadecanoyl-heptadecasphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CERS1peroxisome, cytosol

• anilineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• CHEBI:17312Reach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarateReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1B, SLC22A8 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• all-trans-retinolReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + CoA
  3. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1B, DGAT1 and 6 more

• 1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-alkenylglycerophosphoethanolamine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, LPCAT4, LPCAT3 and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• hexadecanalReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. 2 H+[c] + NADH[c] + palmitate[c] = H2O[c] + hexadecanal[c] + NAD+[c]

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, ALDH3B1, ALDH3B2 and 1 moreperoxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• a sphingomyelinReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA
  3. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an N-acylsphing-4-enine = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycerol + a sphingomyelin

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1B, PRDX6 and 3 more

• (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:3->C16:3), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• CHEBI:17724Reach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. glycine betaine(out) + (R)-carnitine(in) = glycine betaine(in) + (R)-carnitine(out)
  3. Trimethylaminoacetate:L-homosysteine S-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1B, SLC22A5 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol