CHEBI:17380

Three steps

• gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  3. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + L-glutamate + ATP = gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by KMO, AADAT, GCLCcytosol

• ophthalmateReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADAT, GSScytosol

• S-methylmercury-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)

  Catalysed by KMO, SLC7A8cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• N-methyltryptamineReach from here →
  1. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine
  2. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:amine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, DDC, INMTextracellular space, cytosol

• D-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A10cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• Xaa-L-Pro dipeptideReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  3. Xaa-L-Pro dipeptide + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + L-proline

  Catalysed by KMO, SLC7A11, PEPDcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO3cytosol

• 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADAT, SHMT1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by KMO, AADAT, CARS2cytosol

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by KYNU, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO3cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 3-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO3cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• 3'-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3'-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO3cytosol

• thyronamineReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. thyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO3cytosol

• 3'-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3'-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,3'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3',5'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO3cytosol

• 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO3cytosol

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by KYNU, HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by KYNU, HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by KYNU, ECHS1, ACAA2, HADHcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by KYNU, ECHS1, ACAA2, HADHcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• NAADPHReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. catalase (3-hydroxyanthranilate)
  3. NAADPH + 2 O2 = NAADP(+) + 2 superoxide + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYNU, CAT, NOX5cytosol

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADAT, GLYAT and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + a quinone = (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC1A4, PRODH2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC6A14, LPOcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC6A14, SLC12A2, SLC12A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATcytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by KYNU, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• CHEBI:27760Reach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. Selenocystathionine Lysteine-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SCLY, CTHcytosol

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by KMO, AADAT, AGXT2cytosol

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. LTD4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADATcytosol

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by KYNU, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• 3-disulfanyl-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  3. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A9, SLC3A1, CTHcytosol, extracellular space

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by KMO, AADAT, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. Kynurenine-Oxoglutarate Transaminase
  3. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A8cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by KMO, AADAT, SLC1A1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by KMO, AADAT, CARS1cytosol

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by KMO, SLC7A8, FARSB, FARSAcytosol, extracellular space

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADAT, GARS1cytosol

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, DARS1cytosol

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A5, IARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space