CHEBI:17208

Three steps

• itaconateReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. itaconate + glutaryl-CoA = itaconyl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SUGCTcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• COReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. Ferrochelatase, Mitochondrial
  3. Heme Oxygenase 1

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, FECH, HMOX1, HMOX2extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarateReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SUGCTcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• sulfiteReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, TSTD1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• hypoxanthineReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)
  3. hypoxanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by XDHcytosol

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• methylarsonous acidReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, GSTO1, GSTO2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• CHEBI:17895Reach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:18019Reach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 7 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• xanthosineReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)
  3. xanthosine:orthophosphate ribosyltransferase

  Catalysed by XDH, PNPcytosol

• arsenic triglutathioneReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. arsenic triglutathione + 3 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = trimethylarsine + 3 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, AS3MTcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• (R)-metanephrineReach from here →
  1. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  2. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:catechol O-methyltransferase
  3. (R)-normetanephrine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = (R)-metanephrine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+)

  Catalysed by DBH, COMT, LRTOMT, PNMTcytosol

• 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(out) + glutarate(in) = 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A24cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-aminoisobutanoateReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. 2-aminoisobutanoate(out) + L-alanine(in) = 2-aminoisobutanoate(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathione

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, MGST3cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoateReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-sepiapterinReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. L-sepiapterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = L-sepiapterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoateReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + 2 glutathione = (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (17S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + 2 glutathione = (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. a hydroperoxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2 glutathione = a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, GPX4cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• (S)-lactoyl-AMPReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  3. (S)-lactate + ATP + H(+) = (S)-lactoyl-AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, AARS1, AARS2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (S)-lactoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  3. (S)-lactate + ATP + CoA = (S)-lactoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ACSS2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (R)-adrenaline 4'-O-sulfateReach from here →
  1. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  2. (R)-noradrenaline + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = (R)-adrenaline + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+)
  3. (R)-adrenaline + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = (R)-adrenaline 4'-O-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by DBH, PNMT, SULT1A3, SULT1A4cytosol

• 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanalReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal + glutathione = 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanal

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, GSTP1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, SQORcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 5(S)-HETEReach from here →
  1. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  2. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GPX5 and 8 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of LTD4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. glycocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, ABCC4cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• cholateReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. cholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = cholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, ABCC4cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, TSTD1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• acetateReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of L-lactate and propanoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of butyrate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... conversion
  2. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. (9Z)-octadecenoate + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + H2O

  Catalysed by PAM, FAAH, PM20D1cytosol

• adipic acidReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. hexanedioate + glutaryl-CoA = hexanedioyl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SUGCTcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• orotateReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  3. orotate(out) + nicotinate(in) = orotate(in) + nicotinate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (indol-3-yl)acetateReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. (indol-3-yl)acetate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (indol-3-yl)acetate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an alcoholReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, CP, PRDX6cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes