(S)-lactate

Three steps

• 17alpha-hydroxypregnenoloneReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-glycoloylneuraminateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. CMP-N-acetylneuraminate monooxygenase (N-acetylneuraminate)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 2 morecytosol

• iron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  3. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CYBRD1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular space

• a carboxylateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 2 more

• L-ascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CLIC1, GSTO1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O
  2. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by CNDP2, FARSB, FARSAcytosol

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. glycocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ABCC4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• cholateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. cholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = cholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ABCC4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 2 moreOne of 2 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 2 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 10 routes

• citric acidReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• adipic acidReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. hexanedioate + glutaryl-CoA = hexanedioyl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A8, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• orotateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  3. orotate(out) + nicotinate(in) = orotate(in) + nicotinate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (indol-3-yl)acetateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. (indol-3-yl)acetate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (indol-3-yl)acetate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an alcoholReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CP, PRDX6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• isocitric acidReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. transport of isocitrate and PEP (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acidReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. D-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E3(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E3(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E3 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, SLCO1B1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• cis-aconitic acidReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. transport of cis-aconitate and PEP (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. transport of malate and thiosulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 4 morecytosol

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E3(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E3(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E3 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 2 more

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-alpha-aminobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ((S)-2-aminobutanoate)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 morecytosol

• chenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E3(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E3(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E3 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (chenodiol)

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. glycochenodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycochenodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ABCC4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ABCC4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• glyoxylateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moreOne of 8 routes

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E3(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E3(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E3 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of glycolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 13-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. retinal dehydrogenase (13-cis-retinal)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 9 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• tert-butanolReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. tert-butyl hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = tert-butanol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CLIC2, GPX1 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 8 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E3(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E3(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E3 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• acetoacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. acetoacetate + ATP + CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 21 routes

• (S)-malyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. (S)-malate + ATP + CoA = (S)-malyl-CoA + ADP + phosphate

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 4 more

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 13 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A8, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• propanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(+) + CoA + H2O = propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 more

• 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  2. prostaglandin E2 + NAD(+) = 15-oxoprostaglandin E2 + NADH + H(+)
  3. 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin E2 + NADP(+) = 15-oxoprostaglandin E2 + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, HPGD, PTGR1, PTGR3 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes