N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine

Three steps

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. Fas180
  3. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by NAAAnucleus, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. fatty-acyl-CoA synthase (N-C18:0CoA)

  Catalysed by NAAA, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morenucleus, cytosolOne of 22 routes

• 7,8-dihydrofolateReach from here →
  1. beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine
  2. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
  3. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GBA1, CH25H, MTO1

• 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase (palmitoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by NAAA, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 9 morenucleus, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (R)-2-hydroxyoctadecanoateReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. Fas180
  3. octadecanoate + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (R)-2-hydroxyoctadecanoate + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + H2O

  Catalysed by NAAA, FA2Hnucleus, cytosol

• O-acetyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAAA, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bnucleus, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 9 routes

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine
  2. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)(out) + cholesterol(in) = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)(in) + cholesterol(out)
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)(out) + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(in) = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)(in) + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(out)

  Catalysed by GBA1, OSBP, OSBPL3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an N-acylsphing-4-enine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  3. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + ATP = an N-acylsphing-4-enine 1-phosphate + ADP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAAA, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 5 morenucleus, cytosol

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-5-phosphate)Reach from here →
  1. beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine
  2. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate)(out) + cholesterol(in) = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate)(in) + cholesterol(out)
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate) + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-5-phosphate) + phosphate

  Catalysed by GBA1, OSBP2, OSBPL2, PIP4P1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. Fas180
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by NAAA, SAT1, SAT2nucleus, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. Fas180
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)

  Catalysed by NAAA, NAGSnucleus, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by NAAA, PAFAH2, PLA2G15nucleus, cytosol

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol)Reach from here →
  1. beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine
  2. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)(out) + cholesterol(in) = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)(in) + cholesterol(out)
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate) + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + phosphate

  Catalysed by GBA1, OSBP, SYNJ2, SYNJ1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• sphinganine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. 2 H+[c] + NADH[c] + palmitate[c] = H2O[c] + hexadecanal[c] + NAD+[c]
  3. Sphinganine-1-phosphate pamlmitaldehyde-lyase

  Catalysed by NAAA, ALDH3B1, ALDH3B2, ALDH3A2 and 1 morenucleus, cytosol

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. Fas180
  3. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)

  Catalysed by NAAAnucleus, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. Fas180
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)

  Catalysed by NAAA, NAGSnucleus, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. Fas180
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by NAAA, NAGSnucleus, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by NAAA, PAFAH2, PLA2G15nucleus, cytosol

• phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. sphing-4-enine + ATP = sphing-4-enine 1-phosphate + ADP + H(+)
  3. sphing-4-enine 1-phosphate = (2E)-hexadecenal + phosphoethanolamine

  Catalysed by NAAA, SPHK2, SPHK1, SGPL1nucleus, cytosol

• 3-oxosphinganineReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by NAAA, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 morenucleus, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 1-hexadecanoylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)

  Catalysed by NAAA, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morenucleus, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by NAAA, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morenucleus, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. Fas180
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by NAAA, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBnucleus, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by NAAAnucleus, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 15 routes

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. Fas180
  3. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by NAAA, SLC27A2, SLC27A5nucleus, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. Fas180
  3. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by NAAA, SLC27A2, SLC27A5nucleus, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine
  2. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
  3. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + A = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + AH2

  Catalysed by GBA1, CH25H, ACAD10

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. Fas180
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by NAAA, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 morenucleus, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. trans-hexadec-2-enoyl-CoA reductase

  Catalysed by NAAA, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morenucleus, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. palmitoyl-CoA desaturase (N-C16:0CoA -> N-C16:1CoA)

  Catalysed by NAAA, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morenucleus, cytosolOne of 15 routes

• Fe(II)-heme aReach from here →
  1. beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine
  2. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
  3. Fe(II)-heme o + 2 A + H2O = Fe(II)-heme a + 2 AH2

  Catalysed by GBA1, CH25H, COX15

• 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. Fas180
  3. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)

  Catalysed by NAAA, CPT1A, CPT1Bnucleus, cytosol

• CHEBI:63544Reach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. Fas180
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (adrenic acid)

  Catalysed by NAAA, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morenucleus, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• pregn-5-ene-3,20-dioneReach from here →
  1. beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine
  2. 6 reduced [adrenodoxin] + cholesterol + 3 O2 + 6 H(+) = 4-methylpentanal + pregnenolone + 6 oxidized [adrenodoxin] + 4 H2O
  3. Pregnenolone:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GBA1, CYP11A1, HSD3B1, HSD3B2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 4-methylpentan-1-olReach from here →
  1. beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine
  2. 6 reduced [adrenodoxin] + cholesterol + 3 O2 + 6 H(+) = 4-methylpentanal + pregnenolone + 6 oxidized [adrenodoxin] + 4 H2O
  3. aldose reductase (isocaproic-aldehyde)

  Catalysed by GBA1, CYP11A1, AKR1B10, AKR1B1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine

  Catalysed by NAAA, PAFAH2, PLA2G15nucleus, cytosol

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

  Catalysed by NAAA, PAFAH2, PLA2G15nucleus, cytosol

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + hexadecanoate
  2. hexadecanoate + ATP + CoA = hexadecanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by NAAA, ASAH1, ACER2, ASAH2 and 13 more

• 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)

  Catalysed by NAAA, PAFAH2, PLA2G15nucleus, cytosol

• 1-acyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + hexadecanoate
  2. hexadecanoate + ATP + CoA = hexadecanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1-acyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by NAAA, ASAH1, ACER2, ASAH2 and 12 more

• hexacosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. Fas180
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)

  Catalysed by NAAA, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morenucleus, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• a 1-acyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol)Reach from here →
  1. beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + cholesterol = cholesteryl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = a 1-acyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by GBA1, LCAT, ASPG

• tetracosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. Fas180
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)

  Catalysed by NAAA, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morenucleus, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• docosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. Fas180
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)

  Catalysed by NAAA, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morenucleus, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• N-hexadecanoyl-(4R)-hydroxysphinganineReach from here →
  1. N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + hexadecanoate
  2. hexadecanoate + ATP + CoA = hexadecanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. (4R)-hydroxysphinganine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = N-hexadecanoyl-(4R)-hydroxysphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAAA, ASAH1, ACER2, ASAH2 and 13 more

• a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

  Catalysed by NAAA, PAFAH2, PLA2G15nucleus, cytosol

• a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by NAAA, PAFAH2, PLA2G15nucleus, cytosol

• beta-D-glucosyl-N-octanoylsphing-4E-enineReach from here →
  1. beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. beta-D-glucosyl-N-octanoylsphing-4E-enine + cholesterol = N-octanoylsphing-4-enine + cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2One of 2 routes

• N-hexadecanoylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + hexadecanoate
  2. hexadecanoate + ATP + CoA = hexadecanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. sphinganine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = N-hexadecanoylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAAA, ASAH1, ACER2, ASAH2 and 14 more

• CHEBI:67119Reach from here →
  1. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  2. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:sphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase
  3. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:sphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAAAnucleus, cytosol