spermine

Three steps

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, HADHA and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, ECHS1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, ECHS1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, ACSM4 and 5 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, ACAA1 and 2 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. Beta-Aminopropion Aldehyde:NAD+ Oxidoreductase, Mitochondrial
  3. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SMOX, ALDH2, ALDH1B1, SLC6A6 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. Beta-Aminopropion Aldehyde:NAD+ Oxidoreductase, Mitochondrial
  3. L-aspartate + H(+) = beta-alanine + CO2

  Catalysed by SMOX, ALDH2, ALDH1B1, GADL1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• acetateReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. N8-acetylspermidine to spermidine conversion
  3. N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate

  Catalysed by SMOX, HDAC10cytosol

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. Beta-Aminopropion Aldehyde:NAD+ Oxidoreductase, Mitochondrial
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SMOX, ALDH2, ALDH1B1, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine + putrescine = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + spermidine + H(+)
  3. L-ornithine + H(+) = putrescine + CO2

  Catalysed by SMOX, SRM, ODC1One of 2 routes

• taurineReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, BAATcytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycineReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, GLYAT and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 10 routes

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, ALDH6A1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, ACP2cytosol, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, ACAA1 and 1 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, ACSM4 and 5 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, CPT1A and 2 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, SUCLG1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 13 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 11 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, CROTcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 20 routes

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2cytosolOne of 5 routes

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, SLC27A2 and 6 morecytosolOne of 15 routes

• carnosineReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. Beta-Aminopropion Aldehyde:NAD+ Oxidoreductase, Mitochondrial
  3. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SMOX, ALDH2, ALDH1B1, CARNS1mitochondrial matrix

• 3-guanidinopropanoateReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. Beta-Aminopropion Aldehyde:NAD+ Oxidoreductase, Mitochondrial
  3. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SMOX, ALDH2, ALDH1B1, GATMmitochondrial matrix

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, ASAH1 and 3 morecytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• N-acetylputrescineReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine + putrescine = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + spermidine + H(+)
  3. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SMOX, SRM, SAT1, SAT2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 4-aminobutanalReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine + putrescine = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + spermidine + H(+)
  3. putrescine + O2 + H2O = 4-aminobutanal + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SRM, AOC1

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, ASAH1 and 3 morecytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• 5-(methylsulfanyl)-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. S-adenosylmethioninamine:spermidine 3-aminopropyltransferase
  3. S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine:phosphate S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribosyl-transferase

  Catalysed by SMOX, SRM, SMS, MTAPcytosolOne of 2 routes

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, HADHA and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermineReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. spermidine + acetyl-CoA = N(1)-acetylspermidine + CoA + H(+)
  3. N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine + O2 + H2O = 3-acetamidopropanal + N(1)-acetylspermidine + H2O2

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, PAOXOne of 2 routes

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, SLC27A2 and 1 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, SLC27A2 and 1 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• 4-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. spermidine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase
  3. 4-Aminobutyraldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SMOX, ALDH2, ALDH1B1, ALDH9A1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, ACSM4 and 5 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, CPT1A and 2 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 11 routes

• 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, CPT1A and 1 morecytosol

• CHEBI:63544Reach from here →
  1. spermine + O2 + H2O = 3-aminopropanal + spermidine + H2O2
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (adrenic acid)

  Catalysed by SMOX, SAT1, SAT2, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 7 routes