(S)-carnitine

Two steps

• isovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (isovalerylglycine)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, GLYAT and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• arachidonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Arachidonate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 14 routes

• CHEBI:15519Reach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ACAA1 and 2 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• palmitoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 18 routes

• oleoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1BcytosolOne of 14 routes

• phenylacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Phenylacetate:CoA ligase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1BcytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-leucineReach from here →
  1. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  2. transport of chloride and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 12(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. arachidonate:oxygen 12-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ALOX12endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 15(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. arachidonate:oxygen 15-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ALOX15B, ALOX15endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 5(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. Arachidonate:oxygen 5-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ALOX5endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ZDHHC11B and 31 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, NAA10cytosol

• CHEBI:15746Reach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SAT1 and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15971Reach from here →
  1. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  2. transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6extracellular space, cytosol

• 11-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, DGAT1 and 4 morecytosol

• (R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (L-carnitine)
  2. O-octanoyl-(R)-carnitine(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = O-octanoyl-(R)-carnitine(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC25A20mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 8 routes

• iodideReach from here →
  1. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  2. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A4extracellular space, cytosol

• L-valineReach from here →
  1. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  2. transport of chloride and valine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ACLYcytosol

• L-arginineReach from here →
  1. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16856Reach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  No catalyst recordedendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16857Reach from here →
  1. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  2. Transport of L-Threonine by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  2. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6extracellular space, cytosol

• L-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  2. transport of chloride and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17203Reach from here →
  1. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  2. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, CLTRN, SLC6A20extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• anilineReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, NAT2 and 1 morecytosol

• CHEBI:17312Reach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1BcytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• hexadecanalReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. 2 H+[c] + NADH[c] + palmitate[c] = H2O[c] + hexadecanal[c] + NAD+[c]

  Catalysed by ALDH3B1, ALDH3B2, ALDH3A2endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:3->C16:3), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, HADHA and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• glycine betaineReach from here →
  1. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  2. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC6A12extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:17895Reach from here →
  1. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  2. Transport of L-Tyrosine by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol

• butanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of butyryl-CoA and L-carnitine (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. butanoyl-CoA + H2O = butanoate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, ESCO2, OXSM, ACOT8 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:18019Reach from here →
  1. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  2. transport of chloride and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol

• L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  2. Transport of L-Glutamine by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  2. transport of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, CLTRN, SLC6A20extracellular space, cytosol

• N-carbamoyl-beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  2. Transport of 3-Ureidopropionate

  Catalysed by SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 1-butanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. transport of butyryl-CoA and L-carnitine (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + butanoyl-CoA = 1-butanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, ESCO2, OXSM, MOGAT2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• O-butanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. transport of butyryl-CoA and L-carnitine (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. butanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-butanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, ESCO2, OXSM, CRATmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, HADHA and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• O-[(5Z),(8Z),(11Z),(14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-beta-D-glucuronateReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = O-[(5Z),(8Z),(11Z),(14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-beta-D-glucuronate + UDP

  Catalysed by UGT1A9, UGT2B7, UGT1A6, UGT1A1 and 2 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 8 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, HADHA and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, HADHA and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ECHS1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ECHS1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  2. 2-Methylbutyrylglycine Transport, Extracellular

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC6A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes