L-citrulline

Three steps

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A6, GSS and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoateReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + 2 glutathione = (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A6, GSS and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (17S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + 2 glutathione = (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A6, GSS and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. a hydroperoxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2 glutathione = a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A6, GSS and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• biocytinReach from here →
  1. Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation (Apc) Tcdb:2.A.3.8.15
  2. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  3. biocytin + H2O = biotin + L-lysine

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A2, SLC25A15, BTDextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• glycodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase
  3. glycodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A6, SULT2A1extracellular space, cytosol

• 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, DIO3extracellular space, cytosol

• 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation (Apc) Tcdb:2.A.3.8.15
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A2, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 9 routes

• 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine(in) + L-arginine(out) = N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine(out) + L-arginine(in)
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC25A29, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A6, SHMT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, HADHA, ACAA2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 3-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• 3'-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3'-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, DIO3extracellular space, cytosol

• thyronamineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. thyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, DIO3extracellular space, cytosol

• 3'-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3'-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,3'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3',5'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, DIO3extracellular space, cytosol

• 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, DIO3extracellular space, cytosol

• L-homocysteine thiolactoneReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)
  3. L-homocysteine + ATP = L-homocysteine thiolactone + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, BHMT2, MARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• L-homocysteinyl-AMPReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)
  3. L-homocysteine + ATP + H(+) = L-homocysteinyl-AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, BHMT2, MARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, HADHA, ACADVL and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, HADHA, ACADVL and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, ECHS1, ACAA2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, ECHS1, ACAA2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanalReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal + glutathione = 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanal

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A6, GSS and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine to glycoursodeoxycholate conversion
  3. glycoursodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A6, SULT2A1extracellular space, cytosol

• glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)
  3. glycochenodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A6, BAAT and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• deoxycholateReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase
  3. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosol

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + a quinone = (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC1A4, PRODH2extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC6A14, LPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. L-Citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. L-citrulline + L-aspartate + ATP = 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate + AMP + diphosphate + H(+)
  3. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ASS1, SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• imidazole-4-acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)
  3. amine oxidase copper containing (histamine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, HDC, AOC2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• selenomethionineReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine ammonia-lyase (2-oxobutanoate-forming)
  3. Selenomethionine methanethiol-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SDS, SDSL, CTHextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:27760Reach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. Selenocystathionine Lysteine-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SCLY, CTHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 5(S)-HETEReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GPX5, GPX1, GPX2 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial
  3. Phenylpyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating,decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GOT2, TAT, HPDextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3-mercaptolactic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 3-Mercaptolactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GOT2, GOT1, LDHB and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, ACAA1, SCP2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• 3-disulfanyl-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-cystine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  3. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC7A9, CTHextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation
  3. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A6, SLC22A6 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-ascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A6, GSS and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• Ca(2+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Formation of homocarnosine
  3. Transport of Homocarnosine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, CARNS1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3-methyl-1-hydroxybutylthiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate)

  Catalysed by BCAT2, BCKDHA, BCKDHBextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix