a fatty acyl-CoA

Three steps

• pregnenoloneReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. 6 reduced [adrenodoxin] + cholesterol + 3 O2 + 6 H(+) = 4-methylpentanal + pregnenolone + 6 oxidized [adrenodoxin] + 4 H2O

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 more

• CHEBI:16856Reach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, GSScytosol

• CHEBI:16857Reach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of glycine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a fatty acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

  Catalysed by LPGAT1, PLA2G15, ASPGOne of 7 routes

• psychosineReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:sphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, DAOperoxisome

• 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + H2O = a fatty acid + CoA + H(+)
  2. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  3. ATP:acylglycerol 3-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by ACOT13, LIPE, AGKcytosolOne of 7 routes

• a cholesterol esterReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + cholesterol = a cholesterol ester + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 8 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• L-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of glycine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:17203Reach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• all-trans-retinolReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + H2O = a fatty acid + CoA + H(+)
  2. an all-trans-retinyl ester + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  3. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)

  Catalysed by ACOT13, RPE65, CES2, RBP4 and 18 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• linoleic acidReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 3 morelysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• a 2-acylglycerolReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. ceramide:phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphotransferase
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + H2O = a 2-acylglycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 7 moreGolgi apparatus

• 1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-alkenylglycerophosphoethanolamine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 10 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucosideReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP + H(+)
  3. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 moreOne of 8 routes

• 7alpha-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. cholesterol + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 more

• 5-aminolevulinic acidReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, ALAS1, ALAS2, CPNE7mitochondrial matrix

• O-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a fatty acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA
  2. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + L-serine = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + ethanolamine
  3. ATP:ethanolamine O-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by LPGAT1, PTDSS1, PTDSS2, CHKA and 3 morecytosol

• L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 26-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. cholesterol + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 26-hydroxycholesterol + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 more

• glycerolReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + H2O = a fatty acid + CoA + H(+)
  2. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  3. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACOT13, LIPE

• a triacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 11 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17895Reach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of glycine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1)-Cer(d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. UDP-glucose:N-acylsphingosine D-glucosyltransferase
  3. glucosylceramide pool to LacCer pool conversion

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 38 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 5 routes

• 4-methylpentanalReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. 6 reduced [adrenodoxin] + cholesterol + 3 O2 + 6 H(+) = 4-methylpentanal + pregnenolone + 6 oxidized [adrenodoxin] + 4 H2O

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 more

• CHEBI:18019Reach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:18132Reach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. ceramide:phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphotransferase
  3. Sphingomyelin cholinephosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 9 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• dodecanoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 3 morelysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, GARTcytosol

• cholesteryl 3-beta-D-galactosideReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP + H(+)
  3. a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-galactoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 moreOne of 3 routes

• cholesteryl 3-beta-D-xylosideReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. a beta-D-xylosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-xyloside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 moreOne of 3 routes

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a fatty acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA
  2. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + H2O = a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a fatty acid + H(+)
  3. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + octadecanoyl-CoA = 1-octadecanoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by LPGAT1, DDHD1

• ophthalmateReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, GSS

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, AGXT2

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, SHMT1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• docosanoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 3 morelysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, GLYAT, GLYATL1mitochondrial matrix

• octadecanoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 3 morelysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamineReach from here →
  1. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a fatty acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA
  2. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + L-serine = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + ethanolamine
  3. fatty acylamide amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by LPGAT1, PTDSS1, PTDSS2, FAAHcytosol

• alpha-linolenic acidReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 3 morelysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, GLYATcytosolOne of 3 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 13 routes

• alpha-D-galactoseReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:N-acylsphingosine D-galactosyltransferase
  3. D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine galactohydrolase

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 4 morecytosol, lysosome

• all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acidReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 3 morelysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. LTD4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by GLYATL2cytosol

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, GARS1cytosol

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, SLC6A9, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes