a ganglioside GM3 (d18:1(4E))

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

228 compounds within 3 steps: 5 in 1, 17 in 2, 206 in 3

Three steps

phenylacetyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. Phenylacetate:CoA ligase
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1cytosolOne of 3 routes
propionyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, ACSS3, ACSS2 and 1 morecytosolOne of 43 routes
(S)-malateReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
3. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosolOne of 2 routes
N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->6)]-N-acetyl-D-galactosamineReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->6)]-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + CMP + H(+)
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus
CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, ZDHHC11B, NAA10 and 30 morecytosolOne of 2 routes
CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, NAA10cytosol
CHEBI:15746Reach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SAT1, SAT2cytosolOne of 2 routes
2-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix
11-cis-retinolReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, DGAT1, LRAT and 3 morecytosol
oxaloacetateReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
3. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes
(S)-lactateReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
3. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 6 morecytosol
2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
3. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol
2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
3. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosolOne of 2 routes
galactitolReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. beta-D-Galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide galactohydrolase
3. galactitol:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 5 morecytosol, lysosome
3-fumarylpyruvateReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
3. 3-fumarylpyruvate + H2O = fumarate + pyruvate + H(+)
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol
a neolactoside nLc4Cer(d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LacCer pool)
3. beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (lc3Cer)
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes
(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
3. transport of (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes
3-hydroxypyruvateReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
3. L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol
a beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1')-Cer(d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LacCer pool)
3. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide beta-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase (lc3Cer)
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 4 morecytosolOne of 3 routes
anilineReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. Acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, NAT2, NAT1cytosol
aceneuramateReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
3. aceneuramate = aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine + pyruvate
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes
CHEBI:17312Reach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1cytosolOne of 2 routes
5'-deoxyadenosineReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
3. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 3 morecytosol
L-cysteineReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrix
(7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:3->C16:3), Mitochondrial
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, HADHA, ACADVL and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix
CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1cytosol
dTDPReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 3 morecytosol
a globoside Gb4Cer (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase (P blood group) (LacCer pool)
3. globotriaosylceramide 3-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (globotriaosylceramide)
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 1 morecytosolOne of 4 routes
5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol
5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol
5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol
an alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->8)-alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc derivativeReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. an N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivative + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = an alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->8)-alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + CMP + H(+)
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus
alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->8)-alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-6S-D-GlcNAcReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-6S-D-GlcNAc + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->8)-alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-6S-D-GlcNAc + CMP + H(+)
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus
a lysoGb3(d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase (P blood group) (LacCer pool)
3. a globoside Gb3Cer (d18:1(4E)) + H2O = a lysoGb3(d18:1(4E)) + a fatty acid
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol
CMP-N-acetyl-9-O-acetyl-beta-neuraminateReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate + acetyl-CoA = CMP-N-acetyl-9-O-acetyl-beta-neuraminate + CoA
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus
CMP-N-acetyl-7-O-acetyl-beta-neuraminateReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate + acetyl-CoA = CMP-N-acetyl-7-O-acetyl-beta-neuraminate + CoA
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus
(5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, HADHA, ACAA2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes
(11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes
(7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 8 routes
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, HADHA, ACADVL and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes
(7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, HADHA, ACADVL and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix
(4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, ECHS1, ACAA2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes
(5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, ECHS1, ACAA2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes
CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 morecytosolOne of 6 routes
beta-D-galactoseReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. beta-D-Galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide galactohydrolase
3. galactose[n] = beta-D-galactose[n]
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 5 morecytosol, lysosome, nucleusOne of 2 routes
a ganglioside GA1 (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase (LacCer pool)
3. a ganglioside GA2 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a ganglioside GA1 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosolOne of 2 routes
elaidic acidReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes
CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, ACAA1, SCP2 and 1 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes
a fatty acidReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase (P blood group) (LacCer pool)
3. a globoside Gb3Cer (d18:1(4E)) + H2O = a lysoGb3(d18:1(4E)) + a fatty acid
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol
acetateReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
3. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes