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(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

Inferred

Every route here is a hypothesis drawn from reference reactions (Rhea and Human-GEM), not a finding. Currency species such as water, ATP and NAD(H) never form a step. Evidence key

175 compounds within 3 steps: 3 in 1, 61 in 2, 111 in 3

Does it reach a compound?

Two steps

(15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by D2HGDH, PTGS2
thio-Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
Catalysed by D2HGDH, MOCOS
2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
2. 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin G2 + AH2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
Catalysed by D2HGDH, PTGS2
prostaglandin H1Reach from here →
1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
2. prostaglandin G1 + AH2 = prostaglandin H1 + A + H2O
Catalysed by D2HGDH, PTGS2
(5S,11R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
2. (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (5S,11R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by D2HGDH, PTGS2
(5S,15R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
2. (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (5S,15R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by D2HGDH, PTGS2
(5S,15S)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
2. (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (5S,15S)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by D2HGDH, PTGS2
17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
2. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by D2HGDH, PTGS2
13-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,14E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
2. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 13-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,14E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by D2HGDH, PTGS2
(18R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (18R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by D2HGDH, PTGS2
(15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by D2HGDH, PTGS2
(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by D2HGDH, PTGS2
13R-hydroxy-(7Z,10Z,14E,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoateReach from here →
1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
2. (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 13R-hydroxy-(7Z,10Z,14E,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by D2HGDH, PTGS2
(13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
2. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = (13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by D2HGDH, PTGS1, PTGS2

Three steps

CHEBI:1146900Reach from here →
Catalysed by D2HGDH, SCLYmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes
2-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
Catalysed by ADHFE1 and 1 more

Page 2 of 4

, SLC16A4

, SLC16A5

, SLC16A7

mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

One of 2 routes

N(omega)-methyl-L-arginineReach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

Catalysed by D2HGDH, SCLY, AGXT2

(5S)-hydroperoxy-(15S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
(15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (5S)-hydroperoxy-(15S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate

Catalysed by D2HGDH, TBXAS1, PTGS2, PTGIS and 1 more

(5S)-hydroperoxy-(18S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (18S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O
(18S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate + O2 = (5S)-hydroperoxy-(18S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate

Catalysed by D2HGDH, PTGS2, ALOX5

(5S)-hydroperoxy-(18R)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (18R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O
(18R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate + O2 = (5S)-hydroperoxy-(18R)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate

Catalysed by D2HGDH, PTGS2, ALOX5

2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathioneReach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2
transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by D2HGDH, DIO1, DIO2, SLCO1A2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

2-glyceryl-prostaglandin D2Reach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
2-glyceryl-prostaglandin G2 + AH2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin D2

Catalysed by D2HGDH, PTGS2, HPGDS

2-glyceryl-prostaglandin E2Reach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
2-glyceryl-prostaglandin G2 + AH2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin E2

Catalysed by D2HGDH, PTGS2, PTGES

CHEBI:15345Reach from here →

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acetoacetate
AKG[m] + (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate[m] = acetoacetate[m] + (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate[m]
Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

Catalysed by ADHFE1, AACSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

acetoneReach from here →

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acetoacetate
AKG[m] + (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate[m] = acetoacetate[m] + (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate[m]
Acetoacetate carboxy-lyase (acetone-forming)

Catalysed by ADHFE1mitochondrial matrix

pyruvateReach from here →

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acetoacetate
AKG[m] + (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate[m] = acetoacetate[m] + (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate[m]
transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)

Catalysed by ADHFE1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 18 routes

all-trans-retinoic acidReach from here →

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acetoacetate
AKG[m] + (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate[m] = acetoacetate[m] + (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate[m]
transport of acetoacetate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by ADHFE1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

CHEBI:15570Reach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
alanine racemase

Catalysed by D2HGDH, SCLYcytosol

L-leucineReach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by D2HGDH, SCLY, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 10 routes

15(S)-HPETEReach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
(15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase

Catalysed by D2HGDH, TBXAS1, PTGS2, PTGIS and 9 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

CHEBI:15699Reach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
transport of alanine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by D2HGDH, SCLY, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

betaine aldehydeReach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2

Catalysed by D2HGDH, AIFM1, PYROXD1, CHDH

CHEBI:15971Reach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by D2HGDH, SCLY, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

selenophosphateReach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
hydrogenselenide + ATP + H2O = selenophosphate + AMP + phosphate + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by D2HGDH, SCLY, SEPHS1, SEPHS2

sulfateReach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine sulfate + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfate + AH2
Steryl-Sulfatase

Catalysed by D2HGDH, DIO1, STSGolgi apparatusOne of 3 routes

L-cystineReach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter

Catalysed by D2HGDH, SCLY, SLC7A9, SLC3A1extracellular space, cytosol

nitriteReach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
2 nitrite + AH2 + 2 H(+) = 2 nitric oxide + A + 2 H2O
4 nitric oxide + O2 + 2 H2O = 4 nitrite + 4 H(+)

Catalysed by D2HGDH, SUOX, CP

(R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
(R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

Catalysed by D2HGDH, SCLY, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix

L-citrullineReach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by D2HGDH, SCLY, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

L-valineReach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
transport of alanine and valine (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by D2HGDH, SCLY, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

oxaloacetateReach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
(R)-malate + A = oxaloacetate + AH2

Catalysed by D2HGDH, AIFM1, PYROXD1

L-arginineReach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by D2HGDH, SCLY, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

protein polypeptide chainReach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
PROTEIN_BS

Catalysed by D2HGDH, SCLYcytosolOne of 2 routes

CHEBI:16633Reach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

Catalysed by D2HGDH, SCLYcytosol

Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
N(6)-dimethylallyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-dimethylallyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

Catalysed by D2HGDH, CDK5RAP1, MARS1cytosol

(S)-lactateReach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
prostaglandin H2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin H2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

Catalysed by D2HGDH, PTGS1, PTGS2, SLCO2A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
N(6)-dimethylallyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-dimethylallyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

Catalysed by D2HGDH, CDK5RAP1, AADAT

formaldehydeReach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
N(6),N(6)-dimethyl-L-lysyl(4)-[histone H3] + 2 A + 2 H2O = L-lysyl(4)-[histone H3] + 2 formaldehyde + 2 AH2

Catalysed by D2HGDH, AIFM1, PYROXD1, KDM1A and 1 moreOne of 3 routes

CHEBI:16856Reach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2
transport of GSH and triiodothyronine (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by D2HGDH, DIO1, DIO2, SLCO1A2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

CHEBI:16857Reach from here →

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
transport of alanine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by D2HGDH, SCLY, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes